Until the 1960s, when the advent of the Eurodollar market transformed the banking industry, British-owned banks were the predominant form of multinational bank. From the 1830s, British banks had established overseas branches, first in British colonial settlements in Australia and Canada, later in Asia, Latin America, Africa, and even California. By 1914 a group of around 30 banks owned and oper...

The formation of character could be said to be the aim that all general education has historically set out to achieve. It is an aim that has often not been explicitly stated, instead it has simply been assumed. This has been the prevailing story of British education policy on character building in schools. Currently, in Britain, it is the government that is advocating the teaching of virtues in...

Emerging forms of empowered participatory governance have generated considerable scholarly excitement, but critics continue to ask if such initiatives are “for real”: Are participatory governance processes sufficiently independent? Do citizen participants make good policy choices? An in-depth look at the case of the British Columbia Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform suggests that real citi...

Eng, M.A. and E.H. Hamilton. 2000. From here to eternity: the perils of policy analysis. In Proceedings, From science to management and back: a science forum for southern interior ecosystems of British Columbia. C. Hollstedt, K. Sutherland, and T. Innes (editors). Southern Interior Forest Extension and Research Partnership, Kamloops, B.C., pp. 55–8. From here to eternity: The perils of policy a...

sultation event conducted as part of the Democracy, Ethics, and Genomics: Consultation, Deliberation and Modelling [DEG] project at the W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics [CAE] at the University of British Columbia [UBC]. The all day event took place in Vancouver, British Columbia on Saturday, September 24, 2005. The DEG project, funded by both Genome Canada and Genome BC, compares two ...

In 1601, the British ship captain James Lancaster tested what was then a little known innovation in naval dietary practice when he set sail for India with a fleet of four ships. While the crew of three of his ships followed their usual diets, all of the men on the fourth were required to consume a teaspoon of lemon juice three times a day. The utility of this innovation was irrefutable. By half...

This paper was set out to investigate the main cultural differences between Saudi and British participants making apologies with a focus on the role of the gender of the addressee in the selection of apology strategies in gender-segregated vs. coed societies. Written questionnaires were used to collect data from 80 participants: 20 Saudi males, 20 Saudi females, 20 British males and 20 British ...

Drugs, opium in particular, have undergone a historical metamorphosis in the past few years. What once passed for the "history of opium" were some scattered references to Homer and nepenthe, Shakespeare and "drowsy mandragora", with the Chinese opium wars thrown in for good measure. There were no studies of drug use and the development of control policy in either Britain or the USA. Issues such...

A policy of "preventive detention" has recently been debated in the British Parliament. Alarmed by the high-profile criminal activities of people suspected of having dangerous severe personality disorder (DSPD), the government have made clear their intention to "indeterminately but reviewably detain" people with DSPD, after diagnosis by forensic psychiatrists, even if the individuals are yet to...