The intermediates of microbial transformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by a mixed bacterial culture derived from activated sludge were identified as 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene, 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene, 2-nitroso-4-nitrotoluene, and 4-nitroso-2-nitrotoluene. The biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene occurred only under anaerobic conditions with an exogenous carbon source. The two nitroso compounds wer...

Excretion of the unchanged form of the drug is one way to terminate the action of the drug. Another way is to chemically alter it. This process is called biotransformation and is primarily for lipid-soluble drugs that cannot be eliminated unchanged by the kidney (as they readily cross the cell membranes and have considerable tubular reabsorption). In this article, we will study about various ty...

BACKGROUND Dihydrolinalool and terpineol are sources of fragrances that provide a unique volatile terpenoid alcohol of low toxicity and thus are widely used in the perfumery industry, in folk medicine, and in aromatherapy. They are important chemical constituents of the essential oil of many plants. Previous studies have concerned the biotransformation of limonene by Pseudomonas putida. The obj...

Phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries. Here, a two-step bioconversion process, involving growing and resting cells, was established to produce PPA from l-phenylalanine using the engineered Escherichia coli constructed previously. First, the biotransformation conditions for growing cells were optimized (l-phenylalanine concentration 20.0 g·L...

Our goal is to perform in-vitro biotransformation of Prodrugs of ibuprofen+paracetamol, diclofenac sodium+paracetamol and ibuprofen+diclofenac sodium by acidic and alkaline hydrolysis of both ester (–COO–) and amide (–CONH–) linkages into free drugs and chromatographically separation of their Rt in HPLC. Since both ester (–COO–) and amide (–CONH–) linkages are susceptible to hydrolysis in both ...

The biotransformation of phosphogypsum in cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) isolated from crude petroleum-refining wastewaters or purified using activated sludge method was studied. Selection was with the microcosms method on Postgate and minimal medium with different carbon sources, Emerson medium and petroleum-refining wastewaters. Highest hydrogen sulfide production, in excess of 5...

While heterotrophic microorganisms constitute the major fraction of activated sludge biomass, role heterotrophs in biotransformation organic micropollutants (OMPs) has not been fully elucidated. Yet, such knowledge is essential, particularly when conceiving novel wastewater treatment plants based on a two-stage process including an A-stage under conditions and B-stage anammox activity. Biotrans...