The main objective of this chapter is to review the on-chip molecular sample preparation methods. For an on-chip sample preparation for large biological objects, such as cells and particles, prior to the molecular sample preparation, there are several methods available such as dielectrophoresis, hydrophoretic filtration, and separation via magnetic forces, acoustic forces, and optical forces. T...

Field-effect transistors made from MoS2 and other emerging layered semiconductors have been demonstrated to be able to serve as ultrasensitive biosensors. However, such nanoelectronic sensors still suffer seriously from a series of challenges associated with the poor compatibility between electronic structures and liquid analytes. These challenges hinder the practical biosensing applications th...

Point-of-care biosensor systems can potentially improve patient care through real-time and remote health monitoring. Over the past few decades, research has been conducted in the field of biosensors to detect patterns of biomarkers and provide information on their concentration in biological samples for robust diagnosis. In future point-of-care applications, requirements such as rapid label-fre...

Modern instrumentation for Raman microspectroscopy and current techniques in analysis of spectral data provide new opportunities to study molecular interactions and dynamics at subcellular levels in biological systems. Implementation of biomolecular component analysis (BCA) to microRaman spectrometry provides basis for the emergence of Ramanomics, a new biosensing discipline with unprecedented ...

Flexible electronics provides new opportunities to broaden the range of application of electronic component in addressing the grand challenges of energy, health care, sensing and display technologies. While there have been considerable progress in this area based on advances of conducting polymers, newer approaches based on nanonet fabrics, transfer-printed thin films, and flexible interconnect...

Point-of-care biosensor systems can potentially improve patient care through real-time and remote health monitoring. Over the past few decades, research has been conducted in the field of biosensors to detect patterns of biomarkers and provide information on their concentration in biological samples for robust diagnosis. In future point-of-care applications, requirements such as rapid label-fre...

Cholesterol biosensor has been fabricated by covalently coupling cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) via glutaraldehyde onto electrochemically prepared polyaniline film in presence of TritonX-100 [4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl polyethylene glycol], a non-ionic surfactant onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass substrate. These ChOx/PANITX-100/ITO bioelectrodes have been characterized using Fourier trans...