Background: Cervical spine involvement is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The most abnormality atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD). It may lead to severe neurological symptoms and even death. Currently, there a lack of consensus on the best approach treatment. Objectives: We investigated prevalence risk factors for AAD RA, as well its relationship treatment modalities. Methods: co...

BACKGROUND The posterior screw fixation in atlas via posterior arch and lateral mass, also called C1 "pedicle" screw, combined with C2 pedicle screw fixiation has shown better biomechanical stability in unstable atlantoaxial fractures. However, its popularization has to fulfill the limitation imposed by anatomical characteristics. The aim of this study was to explore the manipulation, effect, a...

Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) occurs commonly in children who have undergone trauma. It is usually corrected with conservative therapy. In this report, however, the patient was an adult with AARF who was treated surgically. A 64-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of spastic gait and hand clumsiness. Imaging studies revealed the presence of AARF, os odontoideum, and severe sp...

Os odontoideum is a separate odontoid process from the body of the axis. It is the most common anomaly of the odontoid process. Patients with this condition can be asymptomatic or present with a wide range of neurological dysfunctions. It may cause cervical instability, atlantoaxial dislocation and myelopathy. This anomaly can mimic Type I and II odontoid fractures. There is a role for conserva...

The importance of the present article lies in the fact that it deals with an infrequent complication in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, because most of the fractures that occur on the odontoid process are non-traumatic in origin. Dislocations of the atlantoaxial joint have an incidence that goes from 19% to 70%, according to the studies consulted. Normally, the space between the odontoid pr...

Fractures of the odontoid in children with an open basilar synchondrosis differ from those which occur in older children and adults. We have reviewed the morphology of these fractures and present a classification system for them. There were four distinct patterns of fracture (types IA to IC and type II) which were distinguished by the site of the fracture, the degree of displacement and the pre...

.m ed kn ow An 18-year-old girl working as a lifeguard in a swimming pool presented with a fall on the slippery wet floor of the pool, landing on her right shoulder and back of her head. She had pins and needles in the fingertips of the right upper limb. She did not have any neurological deficits. Computed topographic scan (CT) of cervical spine showed evidence of rotatory atlantoaxial dislocat...