Subway transportation is one of the most prevalent urban methods globally. Millions people around globe use this medium as their mode daily. However, subway stations may be highly prone to fire, smoke, or explosion accidents. The safety using demands a robust and practical framework assess fire hazards risks. This study provides methodology risk at station. integrates fault tree analysis (FTA) ...

According to a well-known adage of folk psychology, “where there is smoke, there is fire.” In his two-part contribution to this symposium on “the sense of being stared at,” Rupert Sheldrake examines some of the smoke (fictional allusions, anecdotal observations and reports, and the persisting lore) surrounding this alleged phenomenon and attempts to determine whether such smoke might indeed be ...

A focus of this paper is a pixel level analysis and segmentation of smoke colored pixels for the automated forest fire detection. Variations in the smoke color tones, environmental illumination, atmospheric conditions and low quality of the images of wide outdoor area make smoke detection a complex task. In order to find an efficient combination of a color space and pixel level smoke segmentati...

In high-rise building fire, a large amount of fresh air will be pressurized into the fire floor when smoke ventilation and prevention system is used. The fresh air dilutes the smoke, but it also reduces the efficiency of mechanical exhaust. The assumption that vertical composition smoke control model (air curtain combined with pressurization and exhaust fan) is put forward. The mathematic model...

Abstract Wood is commonly used in construction, but often perceived as being less safe than structures made from non-combustible materials. With the advancement of wood products and treatment, construction techniques, protective systems, this may not be case any longer. Using retrospective data fire departments across Canada, study aimed to determine whether type material (combustible or non-co...

Detection of smoke plumes using lidar provides many advantages with respect to passive methods of fire surveillance. However, the great sensitivity of the method results in the detection of many spurious signals. Correspondingly, the automatic lidar surveillance must be provided with effective algorithms of separation of the smoke-plume signatures from irrelevant signals. The paper discusses a ...

BACKGROUND Millions of people can potentially be exposed to smoke from forest fires, making this an important public health problem in many countries. OBJECTIVE In this study we aimed to measure the association between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and forest fire smoke exposures in a large city during a severe forest fire season, and estimate the number of excess OHCAs due to the fir...

This paper proposes a hardware model that provides new fire detection and control mechanism with the interface of artificial neural network and fuzzy logic. This work is based on the integration of hardware module and implementation of artificial neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The hardware consists of temperature sensor, smoke sensor, flame detector and a microcontroller unit. The senso...

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