the commentary of mir sayyed sharif jurjani on ibn hajib’s kafaya is the most valid persian commentary on this grammar book. jurjani has expressed the arabic grammar principles through an eloquent and simple language, yet in a robust and logical style. the discussion of triptote and diptote is among the most elaborate and complex topics of arabic grammar. however, jurjani has discussed differen...

the extent of popularity and circulation of a foreign language words inside a specific region can be considered as an evidence of mental, social and political impact of that foreign civilization and culture upon the people of that area. this paper deals with the influence and popularity of persian words in pre-islamic poetry. the wide range of this popularity in various fields emphasizes the re...

This paper discusses the use of fast and customized Dynamic Time Warping method for offline Persian handwriting recognition that could be easily extended to Arabic language. Many systems in this field are based on either Neural Network or Hidden Markov Model that suffer from low recognition rate, sensitivity to noises or wide range of parameters that reduce system performance. The complete syst...

In this paper, we propose a selective combination approach of pivot and direct statistical machine translation (SMT) models to improve translation quality. We work with Persian-Arabic SMT as a case study. We show positive results (from 0.4 to 3.1 BLEU on different direct training corpus sizes) in addition to a large reduction of pivot translation model size.

The article deals with the concepts of charisma and leadership in two non-Western Islamic cultures from linguistic perspective. charismatic have a long tradition studying sociology, political science psychology since M.Weber. Charisma can be defined as compelling attractiveness or charm that inspire devotion others. Cognates this Greek word are found most European languages. English leader has ...

discussing tales and proverbs of different tribes and nations is very interesting; especially when compared to each other and their origin is searched. the shared themes mean that two different persons in two different places and at two different times have been influenced by one subject and have quoted it. there are a lot of examples of this in literature of different nations.in this article, ...

The process of digitization in libraries of Pakistan is at a very initial stage. Pakistan is lagging behind developed countries due to many reasons such as: funding, computer illiteracy and expertise in digitization. However, some institutions like the Higher Education Commission, the Punjab University Library, the National Library of Pakistan and some private organizations are doing digitizati...

Safflower, false saffron [English]; cártamo, alazor, azafrán bastardo, azafranillo [Spanish]; carthame des teinturiers, safran des teinturiers, safran bâtard [French]; açafrão-bastardo [Portuguese]; saffloer [Dutch]; Färberdistel, saflor [German]; kesumba [Indonesian/Javanese]; cartamo, zafferanone [Italian]; aspir [Turkish]; [Amharic]; رفصع [Arabic]; [Bengali]; 红花 [Chinese]; עירח [Hebrew]; ベニバ...