Experimental coronary occlusions were carried out in 12 closed-chest dogs to investigate the functional anatomic characteristics of the mitral valve complex during acute myocardial ischemia. Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular function, the mitral valve complex, and left atrial size. Presence of mitral regurgitation was assessed by left ventricular contrast echo...

OBJECTIVE We determined, via a bioassay, if inotropic factors are released in the coronary circulation of the rat heart and if changes in cardiac perfusion change papillary muscle inotropy. METHODS An isolated isometrically contracting rat papillary muscle (n = 5, acceptor) was superfused with Tyrode or with reoxygenated coronary venous effluent from an isolated isovolumically beating rat hea...

Peculiar lesions of mitral valves and papillary muscles developed in 50 to 80% of rabbits after clipping (N = 38), crushing (N = 15) or electrical stimulation (N = 44) of their cervical vagi. Both right and left vagus manipulations induced similar cardiac lesions. The earliest manifestation was bleeding of the mitral leaflets, which was followed by swelling and fibrosis of the papillary muscles...

We report a 13-year-old girl with acute pulmonary edema due to severe acute Mitral regurgitation because of rupture of Mitral valve ́s posteromedial papillary muscle. She had normal mitral valve with necrotic posteromedial papillary muscle, classic aneurysms in left coronary artery, neutrophilic infiltration in the wall of medium-sized vessel of kidney and positive perinuclear antineutrophil cyt...

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture are severe complications of myocardial infarction which are usually observed individually although their simultaneous occurrence has been observed in pathological studies. An 82-year-old female underwent repair of a post-infarction VSD and 13 days later required mitral valve replacement due to delayed papillary muscle rupture. Mechani...

We report a 66-yr-old male patient who developed tricuspid regurgitation secondary to internal cardiac massage. After uneventful off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, the subject experienced cardiac arrest in the intensive care unit. External cardiac massage was initiated and internal cardiac massage was performed eventually. A transesophageal echocardiography revealed avulsion of the anteri...

Unfortunately, many conventional textbooks of anatomy do not describe the anatomical variations in detail. Thus, research reports are the only source of information for the readers. Various researchers have reported the presence of anomalous muscles in the hand. Majority of the research reports are confined to cadaveric studies. It is very important to know the clinical implications of such ano...

A 75-year-old man with no history of myocardial infarction was referred to our hospital because of ST-segment depression in precordial electrocardiography. He had neither renal dysfunction nor abnormal calcium homeostasis. Sixtyfour-detector computed tomography revealed two transmural calcified fragments (Picture, arrows) penetrating the center of the papillary muscles, extending to the chordae...

Direct insertion of the anterior papillary muscle (DPM) into the mitral valve is uncommon. During the routine dissection of an adult female, a DPM into the mitral valve with abnormal chordae tendinae was observed. This abnormal papillary muscle was measured as 28.0 mm in length from myocardial to insertion, 14.8 mm in width, and 7.0 mm in depth. The embryology, symptoms, associated cardiac dise...

BACKGROUND Papillary muscle dysfunction (PMD) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR). We hypothesized that ischemic MR is not caused by PMD and/or dysfunction of the myocardial regions from where the papillary muscles arise but is related to reduction in global left ventricular (LV) function. To test this hypothesis, three groups of dogs were studied. ME...