The addition of opioids to local anesthetics improves the analgesic potency of spinal analgesia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal fentanyl 15 microg when added to lidocaine 80 mg in patients undergoing Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Forty healthy parturients scheduled for elective Cesarean section using 80 mg of 5% lidocaine were random...

Background: Various additives have been evaluated for the purpose of enhancing quality analgesia and prolonging duration spinal anesthesia. Aims Objectives: This randomized study was conducted to evaluate efficacy intravenous dexamethasone in Materials Methods: A total 100 patients scheduled lower segment cesarean section under anesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups, Group-1 Group-2...

There are many risk factors for the cause of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), however, the anesthesia selection always trigger controversy for the POCD occurrence. This study aims to explore the relationship between the anesthesia and the occurrence of POCD in elder patients, and also investigate the mechanism of the POCD. One hundred elder patients with hip replacement were included...

Obstetric analgesia and anesthesia should provide optimal pain relief for the parturient with minimal risks. The local anesthetic agents are most commonly used for obstetric analgesia and anesthesia. We investigated the effect of local anesthetic agents: prilocaine, bupivacaine, ultracaine on myometrium in pregnant rats. In our study, we evaluated the effects of three local anesthetics at cumul...

Ensuring analgesia both intraoperatively and postoperatively by the administration of local anesthetics or opioid through epidural catheter is a widespread method. On the other hand, after thoracic and major abdominal surgery, optimal perioperative anesthesia and analgesia can be provided through thoracic epidural analgesia and thus, postoperative morbidity and mortality can be decreased specif...

This paper provides a detailed review of the clinical aspect and engineering view of how to measure, interpret, model, and control general anesthesia. The mechanisms of anesthesia in terms of unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and akinesia in modern balanced anesthesia are reviewed. The assessment and interpretation of anesthesia according to clinical signs (i.e., lacrimation, sweating, papil...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preemptive analgesic effect and duration of postoperative analgesia after caudal blocks in children. Methods: Forty-five children who underwent distal hypospadias surgery were assigned to group one (n=23) received caudal bupivacaine (0.25%) 0.5 mg kg-1 and midazolam 0.05 mg kg-1 before the surgical incision, and group two (n=22) who receiv...

Opioids are powerful analgesics when used to treat acute pain and some forms of chronic pain. A large body of literature has shown that opioids can, in addition, also prevent (this review) or induce and perhaps reverse, some forms central sensitisation in in vitro and in vivo animal models of pain. However, the concept of central sensitisation is, at present, ambiguous and the usefulness of opi...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Spinal anesthesia is used for relief of pain during labor and it is associated with low indices of complications. Studies with levorotatory enantiomers of local anesthetics demonstrate higher safety due to the lower cardiotoxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the latency and duration of analgesia and maternal and fetal repercussions with bupivacaine (S7...