Thirty clinical isolates of Candida albicans and 10 other Candida species were tested for susceptibility to 6 substituted dithiocarbamates and one dimercaptosuccinate. Dimethyldithiocarbamate, sodium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate showed dose-dependent antifungal activity which was par­ tially reversed by the addition of zinc, copper, or iron sulfate with greates...

Escherichia coli lysyl-tRNA synthetase was previously shown to occur as two distinct species encoded by either the lysS or the lysU gene. The expression of one of these genes, lysU, is under the control of cell growth conditions. To study the regulation of lysU, delta lysS strains were constructed. During aerobic growth at 37 degrees C or below, the amount of the lysU product in the cell is so ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as an opportunistic pathogen, establishes a chronic infection in the respiratory track of patients suffering from pneumonia and bronchiectasis, including cystic fibrosis. Biofilm formation inside the oversecreted mucus layer lining the patient airway and production of virulence factors, a process controlled by quorum sensing, are considered to be the major virulence dete...

The unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has long been studied for its unique fermentation pathways and has been evaluated as a candidate organism for biofuel production. Fermentation in C. reinhardtii is facilitated by a network of three predominant pathways producing four major byproducts: formate, ethanol, acetate and hydrogen. Previous microarray studies identified many genes a...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is unique among yeasts in its ability to grow rapidly in the complete absence of oxygen. S. cerevisiae is therefore an ideal eukaryotic model to study physiological adaptation to anaerobiosis. Recent transcriptome analyses have identified hundreds of genes that are transcriptionally regulated by oxygen availability but the relevance of this cellular response has not bee...

Anaerobiosis depresses the light- and bicarbonate-saturated rates of O(2) evolution in intact spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts by as much as 3-fold from those observed under aerobic conditions. These lower rates are accelerated 2-fold or more by the addition of 1 mum antimycin A or by low concentrations of the uncouplers 0.3 mm NH(4)Cl or 0.25 mum carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazon...

The mayfly larvae Epeorus sylvicola and Ecdyonurus torrentis inhabit either fast-flowing or, for the latter species, calm zones of running water. We studied (1) mechanisms and limitations of oxygen transport in single individuals (oxygen consumption rate, occurrence and rate of gill movements, and heartbeats) in running water of different oxygen concentrations and (2) capacities for anaerobiosi...

Ever since Pasteur's work (1876) it has generally been believed that without oxygen yeast can either grow only to a limited extent, or not at all (Brown, , O j ; Windisch, '32 ; White and Munns, 51). The slight growth that was obtained occasionally under anaerobiosis was attributed to the traces of oxygen left in the medium. The careful work of Stier and his collaborators (Stier, Scalf and Broc...