In lowland Cobs butterflies, genotypes of the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) show major differences in molecular function, from which genotypic differences in organismal performance and fitness components in the wild are accurately predictable. The alpine species Colias meadii seems to share electromorph alleles with lowland congeners at PGI and phosphoglucomutase (PGM). However, high-re...

Aromatase [cytochrome P450 19 (CYP19)] is a critical enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis, and aromatase inhibitors are of increasing importance in the treatment of breast cancer. We set out to identify and characterize genetic polymorphisms in the aromatase gene, CYP19, as a step toward pharmacogenomic studies of aromatase inhibitors. Specifically, we "resequenced" all coding exons, all upstream u...

The cellular origin of preneoplastic subpopulations in liver during chemical carcinogenesis has not yet been clarified. An experimental approach to this problem became possible by using female phenotypic mosaics caused by the X-chromosome inactivation ("lyonization") occuring early in embryogenesis. Allozymes of the X-linked enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK-1) served as markers of the matern...

Enzyme electrophoresis proved to be a useful method to study population genetic aspects in Ips typographus (L.) because of three highly polymorphic loci. Aspartate aminotransferase locus-2 (Aat-2), physiologically involved in the transfer of aminogroups, has six alleles per population. Amylase locus1 (Amy-1), physiologically involved in the hydrolysis of starch, has 10 alleles per population, a...

On one hand, studies on Salmo biological variations during the last centuries have led to morphological description of several species (> 50). other trutta is seen as a polymorphic species, i.e. including populations with different morphotypes and ecotypes, subdivided into nine genetically divergent evolutionary lineages. For 30 years, phylogeographic phylogenetic investigations tried solve sys...

Desert mound springs of the Great Artesian Basin in central Australia maintain an endemic fauna that have historically been considered ubiquitous throughout all of the springs. Recent studies, however, have shown that several endemic invertebrate species are genetically highly structured and contain previously unrecognised species, suggesting that individuals may be geographically 'stranded in ...

Enzyme electrophoresis was employed to assess genetic diversity within and divergence between Lemna disperma and Lemna gibba, sister species that have often been considered conspecific because of the few technical morphological characters distinguishing them. L. gibba is distributed widely except in Australia and New Zealand, where it is replaced by L. disperma. Allozyme data were employed to e...

Understanding the patterns of genetic variation within and among populations is a central problem in population and evolutionary genetics. We examine this question in the acorn barnacle, Semibalanus balanoides, in which the allozyme loci Mpi and Gpi have been implicated in balancing selection due to varying selective pressures at different spatial scales. We review the patterns of genetic varia...