BACKGROUND Delirium is common, has multiple causes and causes distress to numerous patients and their relatives. METHOD Selective review of the literature in PubMed and PsycINFO, with reference to selected national and international guidelines. RESULTS The hypoactive subtype of delirium is commoner than the hyperactive type, and often overlooked. Delirium in an elderly individual is associa...

Delirium is a profound, acute confusional state that leads to long-term cognitive decline. Increased anticholinergic medications and prior dementia, in which basal forebrain cholinergic degeneration is a prominent feature, both predict delirium. Thus, cholinergic hypoactivity is thought to be important in cognitive dysfunction during delirium, and acute systemic inflammation is a major trigger ...

Delirium is an acute confusional state associated with increased mortality in the intensive care unit and long-term impaired functional recovery. Despite its elevated incidence and major impact in the outcomes of critically ill patients, delirium remains under-diagnosed. Presently, there are validated instruments to diagnose and monitor delirium, allowing the detection of early organ dysfunctio...

1. Delirium definition and clinical characteristics Delirium is a disorder of consciousness and attention; it is one of the most common neurological complications seen in general in the medically ill hospitalised patient, and is also common in the medical oncology ward [1,2]. Delirium seen in different settings contributes to defining the diagnoses of diverse specificities: postoperative deliri...

The aim of this report is to describe the clinical and electroencephalographic findings seen in an elderly woman without previous history of seizures who developed a nonconvulsive generalized status epilepticus following acute withdrawal of lorazepam. Scalp video-EEG monitoring was obtained using the standard 10/20 system of electrode placement. Cognitive and speech functions were specifically ...

OBJECTIVE To characterize neurological involvement in juvenile systemic lupus erythe-matosus. METHOD The charts of all patients with the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus before the age of 16 years, followed at the Rheumatology Unit of Pequeno Príncipe Hospital, from January 1992 to January 2006, were retrospectively reviewed, highlighting neuropsychiatric aspects. RESULTS Forty-sev...

BACKGROUND A collapse and agitation in a young person comprises many differential diagnoses, but usually does not include a life-threatening basilar thrombosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We report the case of a 19-year old woman who presented mainly with a collapse and agitation. CT and CT-angiography yielded distal basilar thrombosis which was successfully treated by intraarterial thrombolysis. MR...