Static and dynamic light scattering were used to investigate the effects of L-arginine, commonly used to inhibit protein aggregation, on the initial aggregation kinetics of solutions of bovine insulin in 20% acetic acid and 0.1 M NaCl as a model system for amyloidosis. Measurements were made as a function of insulin concentration (0.5-2.0 mM), quench temperature (60-85°C), and arginine concentr...

rapid detection and differentiation of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) involved in the disease outbreak is very important for controlling disease and developing new vaccines. in the present study, three regions of the genome of ibv vaccine and field isolates including s1 gene, gene 3 and nucleocapsid (n) gene along with 3' untranslated region (3' utr) were amplified and subjected to restricti...

/ 12 Fig. 1.Assay ofserum creatine kinase A denotesthe IncreasedCX activity (predominantly MM isoenzyme)of serumfrom a patient with myo-cardlal infarction; B, elevated CX activity (predom-inantlyMM isoenzyme)of serumfrom a patientwith Rey&s syn&ome, following a greatly extended Incubation period(a 10-fold Increase in the concen-trationofs*ifrsy&)l activating agentsdoesnotaffect the dizatlon of ...

T cell activation is a central event in the adaptive immune response and essentially begins with the recognition of an antigenic peptide in the context of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on an antigen-presenting cell by the T cell receptor (TCR). The process of T cell activation consists of an orchestration of various functional modules such as actin polymerization, cell surface recept...

The distal tip cell (DTC) regulates the proliferation or differentiation choice in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline by an inductive mechanism. Cell signaling requires a putative receptor in the germline, encoded b y the glp-1 gene, and a putative signal from the DTC, encoded by the lag-2 gene. Both glp-1 and lag-2 belong to multigene gene families whose members are essential for cell signali...

Exhausted T-cells in follicular lymphoma (FL) typically express PD-1, but expression of PD-1 is not limited to exhausted cells. Although expected to be functionally suppressed, we found that the population of intratumoral PD-1+ T cells were predominantly responsible for production of cytokines and granules. This surprising finding prompted us to explore the involvement of LAG-3 to specifically ...

The effects of temperature on the activation, glucose-induced germination, and outgrowth of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores were investigated. There was no evidence for discontinuities in the response of spores to temperature in these processes reflecting reported thermal anomalies in the physical structure of water. Increasing the temperature of heat activation (aqueous suspensions, 5 min)...