From the physical point of view a shock wave is defined by an abrupt, nearly discontinuous change in pressure and by having a velocity that is higher than the speed of sound in the medium it propagates [1]. A typical pressure profile of a focused shockwave used for therapeutic purposes is shown in fig. 1. Generally a shock wave can be described as a single pulse with a wide frequency range (fro...

The NS3-4A serine protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is essential for viral replication and therefore has been one of the most attractive targets for developing specific antiviral agents against HCV. VX-950, a highly selective, reversible, and potent peptidomimetic inhibitor of the HCV NS3-4A protease, is currently in clinical development for the treatment of hepatitis C. In this report, we de...

An all-optical generation of a millimeter wave carrier from a multiwavelength Brillouin-erbium fiber laser is presented. Four-channel output with spacing of about 21.5 GHz is generated from the fiber laser by controlling the gain in the cavity. A dual-wavelength signal with spacing correspondent to six orders of Brillouin frequency shift is obtained by suppressing the two channels at the middle...

Globular clusters house a population of compact binaries that will be interesting gravitational wave sources for LISA. We provide estimates for the numbers of sources of several categories and discuss the sensitivity of LISA to detecting these sources. The estimated total number of detectable sources ranges from ∼ 10 to ∼ 10 3 with gravitational wave frequencies above 1 mHz. These sources are t...

Globular clusters house a population of compact binaries that will be interesting gravitational wave sources for LISA. We provide estimates for the numbers of sources of several categories and discuss the sensitivity of LISA to detecting these sources. The estimated total number of detectable sources ranges from ∼ 10 to ∼ 10 3 with gravitational wave frequencies above 1 mHz. These sources are t...

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Natural light is a transverse electromagnetic wave with electric (E) and magnetic (H) fields perpendicular to each other (Fig. 1). The two fields are also perpendicular to the wave’s direction of travel (k). In unpolarized light the electric field vectors vibrate in all directions of the EH plane equally (Fig.2). Note that all the electric field vectors are of the same length. When the Polarize...