Augustin Fresnel, who was born in Broglie (Eure, northern France) in 1788 and died in Ville-d’Avray (currently in the Hauts-de-Seine department) in 1827, began his education at the Ecole polytechnique in Paris at the age of 16. Five years later, he became a member of the Corps des ponts et chaussées [Corps of Bridges]. Unanimously elected as a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1823, he accom...

Este trabajo se ocupa del término tragi-comédie en las primeras décadas siglo XVII Francia, años los que fijarán leyes género: un tema novelesco y sentimental, final feliz, la mezcla de lo trágico familiar. Se aborda luego figura Jean Mairet, autor seis tragicomedias entre su producción teatral 1625 a 1643: Chryséide et Arimand, La Virginie, L’Illustre Corsaire, Le Roland furieux, L’Athénaïs Si...

A novel approach to managing development, verification, and validation artifacts for the European Train Control System as open, publicly available items is analyzed and discussed with respect to its implications on system safety, security, and certifiability. After introducing this so-called model-driven openETCS approach, a threat analysis is performed, identifying both safety and security haz...

Known as S. 1643 in the Senate and H.R. 6400 in the House the bill has been characterized a~ a bid to concentrate unprecedented power over the destiny of American agriculture in the hands of the Secretary and the Executive branch of the federal government. It includes power to bring every segment of agriculture under complete government control on a step-by-step basis. While proposed as a plan ...

Model checking is a fully automated technique for the analysis of a model of a system. Due to its degree of automation it is in principle suitable for application in industry but at the same time its scalability is limited. Symbolic model checking is one approach that improves scalability through the use of Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) as an internal data structure. This approach allows the ...

Imperial China employed a civil examination system to select scholar bureaucrats as ruling elites. This institution dissuaded high-performing individuals from pursuing some modernization activities, such as establishing modern firms or studying overseas. This study uses prefecture-level panel data from 1896-1910 to compare the effects of the chance of passing the civil examination on modernizat...

The essay focuses on the German physician Georg Franck von Franckenau (1643– 1704) and his Satyrae medicae from the 1670s and 1680s. It illuminates Franckenau’s ideas on sexual difference based on his discussion of sex-specific bodily functions such as menstruation and male and female genital structure. In Franckenau’s satires, a woman is not simply opposed to or likened to a man, but she is al...

We propose a model that can account for the experimentally observed phase behavior of DNA-nanoparticle assemblies [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 1643 (2003)]; Science 289, 1757 (2000)]]. The binding of DNA-coated nanoparticles by dissolved DNA linkers can be described by exploiting an analogy with quantum particles obeying fractional statistics. In accordance with experimental findings, we predict tha...