The Afrasiab murals discovered in the northeast of Samarkand, Uzbekistan—the center ancient Silk Road—are presumed to date mid-seventh century during Sogdian era. Although previous studies have examined primary materials pigments used these using chemical and microscopic analyses, in-depth investigations pigment raw material composition not been conducted verify results studies. We applied X-ra...

In this study, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses are used for the characterization of Eobania vermiculata samples extracted from Iskenderun region. The shells land snails discarded as waste, however, they qualified materials with multiple use areas. To substantiate proposition, an attempt was made to elucidate...

nowadays, ii – iv group semiconductor thin films have attracted considerable attention from the research community because of their wide range of application in the fabrication of solar cells and other opto-electronic devices. cadmium zinc sulfide (zn-cds) thin films were grown by chemical bath deposition (cbd) technique. x-ray diffraction (xrd) is used to analyze the structure and crystallite ...

in the present study, a new gas diffusion electrode (gde) (based on pt/nafion membrane) is fabricated. the electrochemical results show that the new gde has the highest electrochemical activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (orr) among the three electrodes. the sem and xrd findings show that a platinum layer can be attached to nafion membrane closely and firmly with a strong peak corresp...