The life spans of demersal species of fishes occurring in deep-waters are much longer and their potential growth rates much lower than those of related shallow water species. As a result, deep-sea demersal fish species are more vulnerable to exploitation. This is because low growth rates relative to the available market discount rate for capital makes it desirable for fishing firms to mine, rat...

Electricity cannot be stored and needs huge amount of capital so producers and consumers pay special attention to predict electricity consumption. Besides, time-series data of the electricity market are chaotic and complicated. Nonlinear methods such as Neural Networks have shown better performance for predicting such kind of data. We also need to analyze other variables affecting electricity c...

As one of the important policy measures to promote water conservation and efficient utilization, evaluation resources tax reform regarding its saving economic impact (WSEI) is a fundamental prerequisite for implementation. In this study, multiple types production modules, including surface water, groundwater, unconventional were integrated into CGE model. Hebei Province, first pilot area in Chi...

Abstract This Article discusses existing WTO rules on subsidies and state enterprises, relevant caselaw reform prospects in light of key geopolitical developments changes the global economy emerging aftermath Covid-19 pandemic. Following a general introduction, critically analyzes present industrial subsidies, focusing inter alia new problems raised by activist policies pursued trading powers, ...

Fuel subsidies in Nigeria are enormous – around USD 3.9 billion almost double the health budget. Such come at great cost: opportunity costs of such spending on other development objectives large; distribution resources to state governments is reduced; vast majority subsidy goes better off Nigerians; and cheaper petrol encourages greater pollution, congestion climate change. Despite this, most N...

Using microsimulations this paper analyzes the poverty and tax implications of replacing current transfers subsidies by a budget-neutral (no change in fiscal deficit) universal basic income program (UBI) Brazil, Chile, India, Russia, South Africa. We consider three UBI with increasing levels generosity identify scenarios which poor are no worse off than baseline scenario existing social transfe...

• Presents a framework for analysing the role of national oil companies (NOCs) in fossil fuel subsidy regimes as exports fall. Applies to case Indonesia. Shows ability NOC absorb and obfuscate costs subsidies erodes revenues from upstream production declines. that political lock-in regime is more difficult overcome. Proposes complementary reform agenda reform. It has long been recognised offer ...

Although the Japanese water sector is economically and socially important, few empirical studies are available to help analysts and policy-makers understand the performance patterns in the industry. This study applies non-parametric methods to 5,538 observations on 1144 utilities that supplied drinking water between 2004 and 2007. With a comprehensive census of utilities, the present study cont...

ABSTRACT By prohibiting subsidies that support illegal, unregulated, or unreported fishing activities and contribute to the unsustainable depletion of marine resources, 2022 Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (AFS) is first World Trade Organization (WTO) treaty recognize a specific trade policy instrument can have adverse consequences for global commons. We assess AFS as such through lens broader...