piping sometimes is occurred due to seepage of water in hydraulic structures. the continuty of this phenomenon decreases the safety or caused the failure of a structure. in this work, experimental tests were carried out on statically compacted natural and randomly reinforced silt sandy soil samples. the randomly reinforced samples were prepared with different lengths and percentages of an artif...

Reclaimed water quality has largely focused on meeting standards in the treated effluent. While the focus is well placed, reclaimed water may change before it is used at dispersed locations. Reclaimed water is a perishable product with a shelf life requiring packaging (i.e., piping) and preserving (with a disinfectant) during storage to minimize deterioration in quality. It typically contains h...

In earlier works by the present authors, two systems for sustainable energy were proposed: (i) a system for urban snow removal in winter and storage for air conditioning in summer, applied to Nagaoka City, which suffers heavy snow fall every winter, and (ii) a district cooling system utilizing latent heat of ice to reduce the size of storage reservoir and transportation pipeline system. In thes...

In a piping system, water hammer occurs when pressure rapidly varies. As result of these conditions, undesirable and damaging outcomes can occur, such as noise, excessive wear fatigue, collapse the system valves. This paper provides review mathematically analysis hammering in check The purpose this is to analyze Various approaches selecting best valve or modifying design are discussed paper. ad...

The loss of oil fluid flow in the piping system petroleum industry due to friction is cause low efficiency. To reduce loss, viscosity can be lowered by adding water as a mixture. Actually, influenced several factors including pattern, type, velocity, pressure and pipe diameter. This study aims determine effect patterns on changes velocity two-phase system. numerical analysis research was carrie...