Prediction models are the key to individualized drug therapy. Warfarin is a typical example of where pharmacogenetics could help the individual patient by modeling the dose, based on clinical factors and genetic variation in CYP2C9 and VKORC1. Clinical studies aiming to show whether pharmacogenetic warfarin dose predictions are superior to conventional initiation of warfarin are now underway. T...

Amiodarone and tramadol are known to have drug-drug interactions that potentiate the effects of anticoagulant warfarin. Herein we report a case which suggests increasing prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) PT-INR/dose due concomitant administration warfarin, amiodarone (a cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor) (an enhancer warfarin). A 72-year-old woman underwent emergency surgery ...

INTRODUCTION The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic effects of warfarin were assessed in the presence and absence of taranabant, an orally active, highly selective, potent, cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist, which was being developed for the treatment of obesity. METHODS Twelve subjects were assigned to two open-label treatments in fixed sequence separated by a 14-day washout. Treatment A w...

BACKGROUND VKORC1 is reported to be capable of treating several diseases with thrombotic risk, such as cardiac valve replacement. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VKORC1 are documented to be associated with clinical differences in warfarin maintenance dose. This study explored the correlations of VKORC1-1639 G/A, 1173 C/T and 497 T/G genetic polymorphisms with warfarin maintenance...

Objective: Association studies on the effects of GGCX gene polymorphisms on warfarin stable dose have shown conflicting results. The aim of this study is to quantitatively summarize whether GGCX gene polymorphisms have potential roles in warfarin dose requirement. Methods: Publications were searched in PubMed, Medline and ISI Web of Knowledge and chosen by exact inclusion and exclusion criteria...

Article history: Received on: 01/06/2016 Revised on: 18/08/2016 Accepted on: 05/09/2016 Available online: 29/11/2016 This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in warfarin doses among patients after heart valve surgery and atrial fibrillation. A total of 137 patients having AF, AVR and MVR whom initiate warfarin therapy in year 2008 till 2010 in Penang Hospital were selected as samples fo...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of aspirin, warfarin, and ximelagatran as thromboprophylaxis in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). METHODS Systematic review of randomised controlled trials in patients with NVAF treated with adjusted-dose warfarin and aspirin, fixed low-dose (FLD) warfarin, ximelagatran or placebo. Outcome measures studied were ischaemic stroke, syst...

The meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) on maintenance warfarin dose. 8 studies were included, focusing on the impact of GGCX single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on mean daily warfarin dose (MDWD). GGCX (rs699664; AA versus GG, GA versus GG, A versus GG) and GGCX (rs12714145; GA versus GG, AA versus GG, A versus GG) showed no significant...

dose in an attempt to reduce the time required to reach a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR). However, initiating warfarin with large loading doses can potentially result in a number of complications. Loading doses of warfarin might increase the risk of elevated protimes and hemorrhage, especially in elderly patients who are often overly sensitive to warfarin.1 In addition, there ...

We report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) whose sample size (1,053 Swedish subjects) is sufficiently powered to detect genome-wide significance (p<1.5 x 10(-7)) for polymorphisms that modestly alter therapeutic warfarin dose. The anticoagulant drug warfarin is widely prescribed for reducing the risk of stroke, thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and coronary malfunction. However, Cau...