background: organic acids refer to a family of compounds that are intermediates in a variety of metabolic pathways. many organic acids are present in urine from clinically normal individuals. elevated levels of urine organic acids cause to the organic acidurias, disorders in which some metabolic pathways in organic acid metabolism are blocked. the present work identified major and minor urinary...

Dairy farmers have been longing for simple and economical methods of early pregnancy diagnosis. Urine based biochemical and mineral assays could be one of those methods, owing to the ease of sample collection and relatively simple and economical assays involved. However, basic information on changes in urinary composition during early pregnancy in cattle is lacking. This study was designed to e...

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water represent a public health issue and a challenge for epidemiology to provide evidence towards the causation of various hypothesized health effects. Validation of a biomarker of exposure to DBPs is a strategy to achieve progress which has been advocated. The objective of this study was to validate urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) excretion as a...

Dehydration is a major risk for contrast media (CM) induced acute kidney injury, yet prospective studies in human patients without ample hydration are not feasible. The freely drinking rat can serve as a model for hydropenic humans. We compared the effects of two CM, iso-osmolar iodixanol and lowosmolar iopamidol, on urine flow, urine viscosity and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in non-hydrat...

BACKGROUND Certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical samples are strongly associated with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and invasive cervical carcinoma. We determined and compared the test characteristics of testing for HPV with samples obtained by patients and with samples obtained by their physicians. METHODS In a consecutive series of women referred to a colposcopy c...

A mathematical model developed previously has been used to study some aspects of biological monitoring of exposure to trichloroethylene (TRI) by the analysis of this solvent in alveolar air or of its metabolites, trichloroethanol (TCE) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), in urine. Assuming that a biological control must be representative of the time-weighted average concentration (TWA), it was foun...