Despite the paucity of direct evidence about the origin of human language, the great intrinsic interest in this question has made it difficult for writers to resist speculating about it (Harnad et al., eds., 1976; Merlin, 1991; Deacon, 1997; Jablonski & Aiello, eds., 1998; King, ed., 1999; Knight et al., eds., 2000). The following attempts to bring a fresh perspective on this old question, usin...

OBJECTIVES Managing urge-incontinence after metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast into the bladder. MATERIAL AND METHODS Case report and review of the pertinent English language literature. RESULTS Conservative management with tamoxifen resulted in clinical and partial radiological remission and the urge-incontinence disappeared. CONCLUSION A conservative mode of treatment is possibl...

BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common psychiatric condition associated with self-harm. Self-harm is poorly understood and there is currently no treatment for acute presentations with self-harm urges. OBJECTIVES By using a new task (Self-relevant Task; SRT), to explore emotions related to one's own person (PERSON task) and body (BODY task), to study the correlations of t...

BACKGROUND Abnormal cortical pain responses in patients with fibromyalgia and conversion disorder raise the possibility of a neurobiologic basis underlying so-called "functional" chronic pain. OBJECTIVE To use percept-related fMRI to test the hypothesis that patients with a painful functional bowel disorder do not process visceral input or sensations normally or effectively at the cortical le...

INTRODUCTION Mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) is a prevalent condition and imposes a significant impact on a woman's quality of life. Treatment is often challenging, as a single modality may be inadequate for alleviating both the urge and stress component. MATERIALS AND METHODS A MEDLINE search was conducted regarding English-language literature pertaining to the pathophysiology, diagnosis of...

Designing and implementing cue exposure procedures to treat nicotine dependence remains a challenge. This study tested the hypothesis that gender and negative affect (NA) influence changes in smoking urge over time using data from a pilot project testing the feasibility of massed extinction procedures. Forty-three smokers and ex-smokers completed the behavioral laboratory procedures. All partic...

Cigarette smoking is an addictive behavior. There are two learned emotional responses to smoking that may be particularly important for promoting addiction to smoking: the pleasure obtained from the airway sensory effects of smoking (airway sensory pleasure) and the urge to smoke that is elicited by environmental smoking cues (cue-induced urge). The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) has be...

nowadays, in order to apportion the risk and to avoid the vessels' delay, most of the voyage charters include provisions, either explicit or tacit, which binding the charterers to carry out loading and discharging operation in a designated time limit (laytime), urge them,in case of delay,to pay the owners an agreed amount (ie. demurrage).though, liability for demurrage rests with the chart...

AIMS The Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID), a 6-item urinary incontinence (UI) symptom questionnaire, was developed and validated to distinguish stress and urge UI. This study's objective was to evaluate QUID validity and responsiveness when used as a clinical trial outcome measure. METHODS Participants enrolled in a multi-center trial of non-surgical therapy (continence...