Metabarcoding has become an important tool in the discovery of biodiversity, including fungi, which are the second most speciose group of eukaryotes, with diverse and important ecological roles in terrestrial ecosystems. We have designed and tested new PCR primers that target the D1 variable region of nuclear large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA; one set that targets the phylum Ascomycota and anot...

Barcodes are short segments of DNA that can be used to uniquely identify an unknown specimen to species, particularly when diagnostic morphological features are absent. These sequences could offer a new forensic tool in plant and animal conservation-especially for endangered species such as members of the Cycadales. Ideally, barcodes could be used to positively identify illegally obtained mater...

This study evaluated the effects of three metal primers and one multi-mode adhesive system on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a flowable composite resin to nickel-chrome metal alloy (Ni-Cr). Ninety plates were cast from Ni-Cr and divided in nine groups (n=10). The surfaces were sandblasted with Al2O3 and primed with three adhesive primers: Alloy Primer (AP), Universal Primer (TP) and RelyX Cer...

Development of yeast artificial chromosome (Y AC) vectors, molecular cloning of large segments of chromosomal DNA, and their propagation in yeast cells has become feasible. Overlapping Y AC provides a route to the development of physical maps of entire mammalian chromosomes. A rapid method was developed to isolate and sequence termini of Y AC inserts quickly. The Y AC clone is digested wit...

BACKGROUND The genus Flavivirus includes a variety of medically important viruses, including dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), which are most prevalent in Brazil. Because the clinical profile of patients affected by different DENV serotypes or ZIKV may be similar, the development of new methods that facilitate a rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial. OBJECTIVES The current study aime...

Whiteßies, heteropterans in the family Aleyrodidae, are globally distributed and severe agricultural pests. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (mtCOI) sequence has been used extensively in whiteßy phylogenetic comparisons and in biotype identiÞcation of the agriculturally important Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) whiteßy. Because of the economic importance of several whiteßygenera, and the inv...

Fig. S1. Results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal primers targeting mycobacterium DNA: hsp65 short (hsp65S; 441 bp), long (hsp65L; ca.770 bp), rpoB short (rpoBS; ca.330bp), long (rpoBL; ca.450bp) genes and the 16S-23S spacer region (internal transcribed spacer (ITS); ca. 350 bp). Clear strong bands with hsp65L, rpoBS, and ITS primers proved the existence of mycobacteria DNA. I...

The systematic sequencing of cDNA libraries is an efficient approach for the identification of new genes, but the presence of abundant mRNAs is often a major problem. This paper describes a very simple method of "semi-multiplex PCR" that allows specific identification of such abundant transcripts before DNA sequencing without using nonrepresentative subtracted libraries. The PCR utilizes a seri...

Nuclear molecular evidence, for example, the rapidly evolving Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS), integrated with maternally inherited (mitochondrial) COI barcodes, has provided new insights into the diversity of clitellate annelids. PCR amplification and sequencing of ITS, however, are often hampered by poor specificity of primers used. Therefore, new clitellate-specific primers for ampl...