Article history: Received 16 May 2008 Received in revised form 28 November 2008 Accepted 2 December 2008 Available online 30 December 2008

The Ra and Pr number scaling of the Nusselt number Nu, the Reynolds number Re, the temperature fluctuations, and the kinetic and thermal dissipation rates is studied for snumericald homogeneous Rayleigh–Bénard turbulence, i.e., Rayleigh–Bénard turbulence with periodic boundary conditions in all directions and a volume forcing of the temperature field by a mean gradient. This system serves as mo...

Modeling turbulent convection in the melt is the most di cult part of the simulation of the transport processes in the growth of large-diameter silicon crystals by the Czochralski (CZ) process. We report the application of hybrid nite-element/ nitevolume methods for the integrated modeling of turbulence in the melt and heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation throughout the CZ syst...

Drying kinetics of sour cheery is investigated in solar dryer with forced convection and under open Sun with natural convection. Drying data were fitted to different mathematical models, whose performance was investigated by comparing coefficient (R), reduced chi-square (Ç) and root mean square error (RMSE) between the observed and predicted moisture ratios. Among these models, drying model dev...