Fire represents a very complex phenomenon, as the severity of the consequences associated with its evolution depends not only on the fire source itself, but also on the configuration of the system in which it develops, that is whether the source term is placed in an unconfined environment or it is confined in a room or in an elongated space such as a tunnel, either empty or filled with vehicles...

Air is transported downstream by the water flow in a free-flow spillway tunnel, resulting high negative pressure, which causes gate vibration and cavitation. In this research work, physical model of tunnel was used to investigate effects surface velocity area residual cross sections on air movements. The results demonstrate that distribution forms an S-shaped curve. As increases or decreases, i...

The formulation and analytic solution of a new mathematical model with constitutive curvature for analysis tunnel ventilation shaft wall is proposed. Based on the Mindlin–Reissner theory thick shells, this also takes into account shell considers an expression shear correction factor variable (αn) in terms thickness (h) radius (R). main advantage proposed that it has possibility to analyze thin,...