The structure of the bacterial leucine transporter from Aquifex aeolicus (LeuT(Aa)) has been used as a model for mammalian Na(+)/Cl(-)-dependent transporters, in particular the serotonin transporter (SERT). The crystal structure of LeuT(Aa) liganded to tricyclic antidepressants predicts simultaneous binding of inhibitor and substrate. This is incompatible with the mutually competitive inhibitio...

ABSTRACT Objective: Conduct a survey on the interference of drugs in laboratory tests. Methodology: To identify each medication tests, Municipal List Essential Medicines (Remume) medium-sized municipality state Minas Gerais was used along with following sources information: Dynamed, Micromedex® and Nursing Reference Center. Results: We observed that majority (67.7%) Remume can interfere one or ...

The use of tricyclic antidepressants is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. Despite a better side effect profile, this adverse effect has also been reported for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. To determine whether these findings result from bias arising from the case-control method, the authors have performed a case-control analysis and a self-controlled case-series anal...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the effect of pharmacotherapy on PTSD, anxiety, and depression among combat veterans; to determine whether the effects varied according to patient and intervention characteristics; and to examine differential effects of pharmacotherapy on outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Google Scholar, PILOTS, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched through November...

AIM The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze the efficacy and safety of antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and The Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Article quality was evaluated by Jadad score. RevMa...

Venlafaxine is a novel, non-tricyclic antidepressant. Venlafaxine imparts its antidepressant effects by inhibiting the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine, serotonin and to a lesser extent, dopamine1. It lacks monoamine oxidase activity and, more importantly, lacks the adverse effect profile of tricyclic antidepressants. Now, there has been the sustained-release preparation of this drug coming in...

Major depression remains difficult to treat, despite the wide array of registered antidepressants available. In recent years there has been a surge in the popularity of natural or alternative medications. Despite this growing popularity, there is limited evidence for the effectiveness of many of these natural treatments. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) is one of the better studied of the natural...

Selective serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the 5-HT noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, venlafaxine, are mainstays in treatment for depression. The highly specific actions of SSRIs of enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission appears to explain their benefit, while lack of direct actions on other neurotransmitter systems is responsible for their superior safet...

The withdrawal of tricyclic antidepressants produces symptoms characteristic of cholinergic overdrive states. The authors previously proposed that these states are the consequence of the pharmacological induction of cholinergic system supersensitivity by chronic treatment with antidepressants, combined with a reduction in the plasma level of a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist when the...