A retrieval method for explicit recognition free Farsi/Arabic document is proposed in this paper. The system can be used in mixed Farsi/Arabic and English text. The method consists of Preprocessing, word and sub_word extraction, detection and cancelation of sub_letter connectors, annotation sub_letters by shape coding, classifier of sub_letters by use of decision tree and using of RBF neural ne...

Facilitation between species is thought to be a key mechanism in community assembly and diversity, as certain species create microhabitats for others. A profound characteristic of forest ecosystems is a large amount of dead wood which is colonised by a vast array of invertebrate species. Bark beetles (Scolytinae) feed and breed on dying or dead trees, puncturing holes into the bark and engravin...

Recently our understanding of black holes in D-spacetime dimensions, as solutions of the Einstein equation, has advanced greatly. Besides the well established spherical black hole we have now explicitly found other species of topologies of the event horizons. Whether in asymptotically flat, AntideSitter or deSitter spaces, the different species are really non-unique when D ≥ 5. An example of th...

We study the concentration of the largest induced paths, trees and cycles (holes) in the Erdos-Renyi random graph model and prove a 2-point concentration for the size of the largest induced path and hole, for all p = Ω(n ln n). As a corollary, we obtain an improvement over a result of Erdos and Palka concerning the size of the largest induced tree in a random graph. Further, we study the path c...

Although suitable tree cavities are a particularly critical resource for forest bats (Kunz & Lumsden 2003), how bats search for and find new roosts is still poorly known. The first study to explore this topic revealed that for the fast flying but not very manoeuvrable noctule (Nyctalus noctula), finding cavity entrances by echolocation is a difficult task (Ruczyński et al. 2007). Additional vis...

background and aims. the aim of this study was to assess the opening torque of grooved and non-grooved screws made of shape memory alloys (sma) for fixation of mandibular fractures. materials and methods. in this in vitro study the opening torques of ten sma screws with grooves and ten sma screws without grooves were compared in 20 holes (10 holes for grooved screws and 10 holes for non-grooved...

When can a polyomino piece of paper be folded into unit cube? Prior work studied tree-like polyominoes, but polyominoes with holes remain an intriguing open problem. We present sufficient conditions for one or several to fold cube, and under which cube folding is impossible. In particular, we show that all five special “basic” guarantee foldability.

The almond bark beetle, Scolytus amygdali Geurin-Meneville, is responsible for significant loss of fruit production in almond orchards throughout the world. Here, we studied the damage and the incidences of S. amygdali attack on two different scales: (1) at the level of a single tree; and (2) in an entire orchard. Our results revealed no differences in attack level among four orientations (east...

in order to evaluate the efficiency of biocontrol agents of corn stem borer ,ostrinia nubilalis, experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block by five treatments and four replication, including, indoxacarb (avant)®, trichogrammawasps, bacillus thuringiensis var: kurstaki, integration of trichogramma sp. and bt., and control as treatments number 1 to 5. in treatments with parasitoid re...