This article examines how the US, Russia and China have promoted expanded rent extraction in Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan. While global powers articulated competing discourses strategies on economic development region, they largely achieved similar outcomes of rentierism. In ‘free market’ agenda Washington Consensus has co-existed with China's Belt Road Initiative (BRI) Russia-led Eurasian Economic Un...

16 isolates of fusarium culmorum obtained from washington, north dakota and minnesota were tested for pathogenicity on five cultivars and lines: chevron, ci 9549, excel, karl, larker, morex, robust, m48, m66 and m69 were evaluated for reaction to the mixture of all isolates of the pathogen under field condition. the results of glasshouse test indicated that the isolates 10, 25 and 27 were the m...

And among those who believe in a role for growth policy, the debate on how to think about the appropriate growth policy design, and on how to use theory for that purpose, is not settled either. Advocates of the so-called “Washington Consensus” argue that the combination of macroeconomic stabilization, market liberalization, and privatization, should lie at the heart of any growth package no mat...

Introduction/background In recent months there has been heated debates on Zambia's economic governance especially as it relates to prudent fiscal management. Being a heavily donor dependent country with over 40% of its national budget supported by external resources, Zambia has had no choice but to abide by the Post-Washington consensus—a new economic doctrine supported by our external financie...

Often it is appropriate to have more than one decision maker perform the pairwise comparisons that are part of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). With group judgments one would hope for broad consensus among the decision makers, in which case one would aggregate judgments via their geometric mean. However, consensus may not always be reached and significant dispersion may exist among the jud...

Recent scholarship has narrated the financialization of development, which Gabor (2021) refers to as Wall Street Consensus (WSC), whose purpose is facilitate investment global capital in Southern infrastructure by institutionalising distribution risk, reward and responsibility between investors states. Gabor’s conceptualization ‘de-risking state’ subordinated finance stands stark contrast with ...

the us, not only failed to predict the occurrence of the middle east revolutions but also failed to understand the depth and the probability of its spread to other countries. while washington was engaged in tactical initiatives in confronting the islamic awakening, the islamic republic of iran took the creativity of a strategic game in hand. this was a three-step profile raised by the supreme l...

Background—Although most clinical trials of coronary stents have measured nominally identical safety and effectiveness end points, differences in definitions and timing of assessment have created confusion in interpretation. Methods and Results—The Academic Research Consortium is an informal collaboration between academic research organizations in the United States and Europe. Two meetings, in ...