Activin A/TGFb, FGF, Wnt and BMP signalling are crucial for the self-renewal and early differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). However, the mechanism of how they coordinate to regulate these two processes is unclear. To address this question, we treated hESCs with graded concentrations of these growth factors and their inhibitors separately and in combination and carried out comp...

Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the effect resistance exercise (RE)-induced hormonal changes on intramuscular cytokine gene expression after muscle damage in untrained men and women. Methods Men (n = 8, 22 ± 3 yr) women 19 1 completed two sessions 80 unilateral maximal eccentric knee extensions followed by either an upper body RE bout (EX) or a time-matched period (CON)....

Mice with targeted disruption of the TGFb2 gene display defects in epithelial-mesenchymal tissue interactions in several tissues including the developing cochlea. Specifically, the region of the spiral limbus and the overlying interdental cells, structures putatively involved in endolymphatic fluid homeostasis, display morphogenetic abnormalities. These findings prompted us to explore the pre-n...

Activin A/TGFb, FGF, Wnt and BMP signalling are crucial for the self-renewal and early differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). However, the mechanism of how they coordinate to regulate these two processes is unclear. To address this question, we treated hESCs with graded concentrations of these growth factors and their inhibitors separately and in combination and carried out comp...

Activin A/TGFb, FGF, Wnt and BMP signalling are crucial for the self-renewal and early differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). However, the mechanism of how they coordinate to regulate these two processes is unclear. To address this question, we treated hESCs with graded concentrations of these growth factors and their inhibitors separately and in combination and carried out comp...

Virtually all solid tumors are dependent on a vascular network to provide them with the right amount of nutrients and oxygen. In that sense, low oxygen tension or hypoxia leads to an adaptive response that is transcriptionally regulated by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), which are tightly controlled by the HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHD). In this study, we show that inhibition of the oxygen ...

Activin A/TGFb, FGF, Wnt and BMP signalling are crucial for the self-renewal and early differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). However, the mechanism of how they coordinate to regulate these two processes is unclear. To address this question, we treated hESCs with graded concentrations of these growth factors and their inhibitors separately and in combination and carried out comp...

Chronic intestinal parasite infection is a major global health problem, but mechanisms that promote chronicity are poorly understood. Here we describe a novel cellular and molecular pathway involved in the development of chronic intestinal parasite infection. We show that, early during development of chronic infection with the murine intestinal parasite Trichuris muris, TGFb signalling in CD4+ ...