The paper presents a constraint based semantic formalism for HPSG. The syntax-semantics interface directly implements syntactic conditions on quantifier scoping and distributivity. 1 The construction of semantic representations is guided" by general principles governing the interaction between syntax and semantics. Each of these principles acts as a constraint to narrow down the set of possible...

Visual notations form an integral part of the language of software engineering (SE). Yet historically, SE researchers and notation designers have ignored or undervalued issues of visual representation. In evaluating and comparing notations, details of visual syntax are rarely discussed. In designing notations, the majority of effort is spent on semantics, with graphical conventions largely an a...

We show that reduced personal argument pronouns in Dutch and German surface in a proper subset of the positions accessible to full argument DPs. Therefore, we argue for a unified syntactic analysis, which takes both types of DPs to be subject to the same phrase structural principles and the same positioning rules, namely, XP-scrambling and XP“topicalization.” Our argument rests a.o.t. on the ob...

the meaning of an idiomatic expression cannot be transparently worked out from the meanings of its constituent words due to its figurative and unpredictable nature. consequently, the syntactic composition and the structural paradigm of an idiomatic expression are supposed to be the same in every context. however, this is not the case in the institutionalized second language varieties of english...

GF (Grammatical Framework) is a Logical Framework enriched with concrete syntax speciications. Ordinary type-theoretical judgements of typing and deenitional equality specify a theory. In addition, a judgement carries a description of how to produce a string in concrete syntax. The intended principal application area of GF is natural languages. It describes formal languages just as well, althou...

Many studies have been conducted to measure the experiential qualities of historical streets using standards and principles released by many global organizations. However, little attention has paid effect spatial characteristics heritage. This study proposes a space syntax-based methodology, first developed Bill Hillier Julienne Hanson with colleagues from Bartlett School Architecture, while in...