Adults need to be able to process infants' emotional expressions accurately to respond appropriately and care for infants. However, research on processing of the emotional expressions of infant faces is hampered by the lack of validated stimuli. Although many sets of photographs of adult faces are available to researchers, there are no corresponding sets of photographs of infant faces. We there...

A critical step in the development and use of tests of physical fitness for employment purposes (e.g., fitness for duty) is to establish 1 or more cut points, dividing the test score range into 2 or more ordered categories reflecting, for example, fail/pass decisions. Over the last 3 decades elaborated theories and methods have evolved focusing on the process of establishing 1 or more cut-score...

OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the reliability of a portable forearm strength hydraulic dynamometer with a doorknob handle and assess its validity compared with a Cybex 6000 (Cybex International, Inc., Medway, MA) isometric torque assessment. METHOD Eighteen volunteers (with a total of 30 forearms) participated in this one-session methodological study to determine the intra- and int...

BACKGROUND The Child Perceptions Questionnaire for children aged 11 to 14 years (CPQ11-14) is a 37-item measure of oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) encompassing four domains: oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional and social well-being. To facilitate its use in clinical settings and population-based health surveys, it was shortened to 16 and 8 items. Item impact and stepwi...

To provide a measure of the Big Five for contexts in which participant time is severely limited, we abbreviated the Big Five Inventory (BFI-44) to a 10-item version, the BFI-10. To permit its use in cross-cultural research, the BFI-10 was developed simultaneously in several samples in both English and German. Results focus on the psychometric characteristics of the 2-item scales on the BFI-10, ...

Introduction: Smell Identification Tests (SIT) are routinely utilized for the clinical evaluation of olfactory function. Since Iran consists of various ethnic subgroups, the reliability and validity of this test as a national SIT are required to be evaluated across the country.   Materials and Methods: This cross-sectio...

Despite calls for feedback to be incorporated in all assessments, a dichotomy exists between formative and summative assessments. When feedback is provided in a summative context, it is not always used effectively by learners. In this study we explored the reasons for this. We conducted individual interviews with 17 students who had recently received web based feedback following a summative ass...

OBJECTIVE To determine the psychometric worth of Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) and Short-Essay Questions (SEQs) used in internal summative assessment of undergraduate ophthalmology annual send-up examination and to ascertain the quality of items using subjective measures. STUDY DESIGN Correlational analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore, from ...

(2011). " Formative evaluation of electricity distribution utilities using Data Envelopment Analysis ". Abstract — The use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in the electricity distribution sector has been prolific in the number of papers published in research journals. However, while numerous studies have been documented, they have mostly been summative. Their aim has been predominantly descri...

OBJECTIVE To analyse and interpret the role of faculty members in assessing professionalism in a well-established medical school in the UK. STUDY DESIGN A qualitative study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK, from February to July 2011. METHODOLOGY Used a constructivist approach, a purposive sampling technique was applied to interview those faculty ...