antimicrobial activity of different parts of croccus sativus l. (saffron) including stigma, stamen, leaves and colora, extracted by various solvents, were tested against different bacteria (microccucos luteus, staphylococcus epidermitis, staphylococcus aureus and e. coli) and fungi (candida albicans, aspergillus niger and cladospourium sp) by cup plate diffusion method. minimal inhibitory conce...

A novel gene that regulates floral meristem activity and controls floral organ number was identified in Arabidopsis and is designated FONl (for FLORAL QRGAN NUMBERl). The fonl mutants exhibit normal vegetative development and produce normal inflorescence meristems and immature flowers before stage 6. fonl flowers become visibly different from wild-type flowers at stage 6, when the third-whorl s...

A novel gene that regulates floral meristem activity and controls floral organ number was identified in Arabidopsis and is designated FON1 (for FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER1). The fon1 mutants exhibit normal vegetative development and produce normal inflorescence meristems and immature flowers before stage 6. fon1 flowers become visibly different from wild-type flowers at stage 6, when the third-whorl s...

A new study shows that birds plucking anthers of the Melastome, Axinaea, demonstrate a novel bird pollination mechanism. Each stamen of Axinaea offers a nutrient-rich, berry-like food body that, when bitten, releases a puff of pollen allowing transfer to stigmas by wind or the pollen-dusted bird.

The genetic and developmental basis of many ecologically important floral traits (e.g., carotenoid pigmentation, corolla tube structure, nectar volume, pistil and stamen length) remains poorly understood. Here we analyze a chemically induced floral mutant of Mimulus lewisii through bulk segregant analysis and transgenic experiments and identify a MIXTA-like R2R3 MYB gene that controls nectar gu...

Segundo-Ortin & Calvo provide a comprehensive overview of the many aspects plant behavior examined to date. In our view, multiple lines evidence make it difficult deny sentience. We add further support conclusion that plants are sentient organisms. As in animals, can be seen and studied as an evolutionary trait, subject consequence increasing complexity interactions with their environment. Our ...