In a two-article series, a research scientist from Britain's National Institute for Medical Research reports on the Soviet Union's response to AIDS. The first article reviews Soviet policy in 1986-1987 when AIDS was regarded as a "Western" disease confined to certain risk groups that did not exist officially in the USSR. Small scale mandatory screening programs in 1986 and 1987 resulted in th...

The paper considers some of the views of the Stalin–era relationship between Soviet industry and the Red Army that are current in the literature, and disentangles some confusions of translation. The economic weight of the defence sector in the economic system is summarised in various aspects. The lessons of recent archival research are used as a basis for analysing the army–industry relationshi...

As the Soviet Union was collapsing, an American research team visited Moscow to interview military leaders as part of a study for the U.S. Department of Defense Office of Net Assessment. One of the interview subjects was Marshal Sergei Akhromeev, Chief of the General Staff and Personal Advisor to Gorbachev, who provided insights into Soviet nuclear planningthis included clarification on issues ...

Before the collapse of Soviet Communism, China’s movement toward market capitalism, and India’s decision to undertake market reforms and enter the global trading system, the global economy encompassed roughly half of the world’s population comprising the advanced Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, and some parts of A...

The international campaign against the political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union spanned a period of 20 years. It started roughly in the beginning of the 1970s when the Moscow-based dissident Vladimir Bukovsky sent the first documentation to the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) and ended in 1991 when the same WPA sent a mission to the Soviet Union to investigate whether the political...

The Nobel Prize in literature for 1965 was awarded to Mikhail Sholokhov (1905–1984), for the epic novel about Cossack life and the birth of a new Soviet society (And Quiet Flows the Don, or The Quiet Don, in different translations). Sholokhov has been compared to Tolstoı̆ and was at least a generation ago called ‘the greatest of our writers’ in the Soviet Union. In Russia alone, his books have b...

Two experiments examined the construct of causal knowledge structure (CKS) in a social setting. The content, memorial properties, and judgmental consequences of subjects' CKSs regarding the defection of either Soviet citizens to the United States or American citizens to the Soviet Union were assessed through open-ended causal accounts (Experiment 1), intrusions in free recall, unsolicited attri...

2. Unlike the US, the USSR appears to favor intercept of IBMs and ICBM6at altitudes above ' 130,000 feet, possibly for protection of the ground area against full scale detonation of the target warhead. I At least one popular Soviet book has also indicated such an intercept altitude. This concept ignores the advantages of "atmospheric sorting" as an aid to deccy discrimination; there Is no.indic...

This work includes references at events, people, and trends in computing in the three Baltic States: Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia during their Soviet period. The Soviet computing science and practice could be divided into league A and league B. The first was for defense industry and power structures, the second for wide public. Although the Baltic computing belonged in essence to the league B...