• Electromagnetic waves have polarization. Polarizer is a material which is transparent to light of only one particular polarization. Consider two slabs of a polarizer material with a preferred axis. A light beam shined on the rst slab gets ltered, so that only a linearly polarized beam along the preferred axis direction comes out. This beam falls on the second slab, called analyzer. If the pre...

background: dose calculation algorithms play a very important role in predicting the explicit dose distribution. we evaluated the percent depth dose (pdd), lateral depth dose profile, and surface dose volume histogram in inhomogeneous media using calculation algorithms and inhomogeneity correction methods. materials and methods: the homogeneous and inhomogeneous virtual slab phantoms used in th...

abstractthe liquid crystal director distribution is determined for a confined chiral nematic slab. the molecular director distribution of the field-controlled chiral nematic slab is directly calculated. the director profiles for the tilt and the twist angles, under different applied fields, are calculated in the slab with weak boundary conditions. then, the dependence of the threshold field on ...

the log damage and value loss were examined by felling and bucking function, species, and damage type, in kheyrud forest in namkhaneh district in the hyrcanian forest of iran. in order to calculate the wood value following tree felling and bucking, 250 trees and 167 logs consisting of beech and hornbeam species were measured. there were five types of damage recorded following the tree felling o...

may be important locally, but they do not represent a dominant global pattern. Additionally, we have not evaluated the possible effects of 3D slab morphology on trench-parallel flow in the wedge (e.g., 26) or beneath the slab (14, 27). Such flow is likely important locally andmay serve to strengthen or otherwise modulate the trench-parallel flow induced by trench migration. Our model essentiall...

The effects of complex slab geometries on the surrounding mantle flow field are still poorly understood. Here we combine shear wave velocity structure with Rayleigh wave phase anisotropy to examine these effects in southern Peru, where the slab changes its geometry from steep to flat. To the south, where the slab subducts steeply, we find trench-parallel anisotropy beneath the active volcanic a...

[1] Dry slab avalanches release by propagation of shear fractures in a thin, planar weak layer underneath a cohesive, stronger slab. This implies that a balance between shear fracture toughness and the shear fracture stress intensity factor fundamentally determines snow slab stability. Conventionally, fracture toughness is a material property and, for most materials, emphasis is on tensile frac...

[1] The effect of rheology on the evolution of the slab-tip during subduction initiation is analyzed using 2-D numerical flow models. Experimentally determined flow laws have both strong temperatureand stress-dependence, which leads to large local variations in viscosity with direct consequences for subduction initiation. We find that models with Newtonian viscosity lead to flat or coupled subd...

The radiation loss in the escaping light cone with a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal slab microcavity can be suppressed by means of cladding the low-Q slab microcavity by three-dimensional woodpile photonic crystals with the complete bandgap when the resonance frequency is located inside the complete bandgap. It is confirmed that the hybrid microcavity based on a low-Q, single-defect phot...

There are many algorithms for character segmentation [1]. Many people have been making researches in segmentation of touching or overlapping character up to now, but most of algorithms cannot apply to the text region of slab management numbers marked on the slab in the steel image. Because the text regions are irregular such as touching character by strong illumination and by trouble of nozzle ...