objective: vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) and vegf receptors (vegfrs) play important roles in angiogenesis of different developmental mechanisms such as wound healing, embryogenesis and diseases, including different types of cancer. vegfr2 is associated with cell proliferation, migration, and vascular permeability of endothelial cells. blocking vegf and its receptors is suggested as ...

Abstract Resistance to genotoxic therapies and tumor recurrence are hallmarks of glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor. Here, we explore the functional drivers post-treatment recurrent GBM. By conducting genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens in patient-derived GBM models, uncover distinct genetic dependencies cells that were absent their patient-matched primary predecessors, accompanied by in...

The retina responds to a wide range of light stimuli by adaptation of retinal signaling to background light intensity and the use of two different photoreceptors: rods that sense dim light and cones that sense bright light. Rods signal to rod bipolar cells that receive significant inhibition from amacrine cells in the dark, especially from a rod bipolar cell-activated GABAergic amacrine cell. T...

spinal cord injury (sci)-induced systemic inflammatory response affects multiple organs outside the spi­nal cord. treatment options for such complications are lacking. valproic acid (vpa) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor, acting directly at the level of gene transcription by inhibiting histone deacetylation and making transcription sites more accessible. acetylation of histones is critical to...