We study the pattern dependences in 10 Gbit/s return-to-zero (RZ) transmitters and receivers. We describe a procedure to characterize and separate out the individual contributions from the transmitter and receiver to the pattern dependences in a 10 Gbit/s RZ system, and we validate the procedure experimentally using a transmitted pseudo-random bit string of length 2 1. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All ri...

As a special case of continuous phase frequency-shift-keying (FSK), minimum-shift keying (MSK) exhibits some different properties compared with the traditional optical phase modulation formats, such as return-to-zero (RZ) differential-phase-shift-keying (DPSK) and differential-quadrature-phase-shift-keying (DQPSK). In this paper, we investigated the receiver performance degradation caused by la...

The origin of the stem is a major but poorly understood aspect of plant development, partly because the stem initiates in a relatively inaccessible region of the shoot apical meristem called the rib zone (RZ). We developed quantitative 3D image analysis and clonal analysis tools, which revealed that the Arabidopsis homeodomain protein REPLUMLESS (RPL) establishes distinct patterns of oriented c...

In present work, prediction the effect of nose radius, rz (mm) on the equivalent strain (PEEQ) and surface finish during the machining of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) through orthogonal cutting process. The results were performed at several of the nose radiuses, rz (mm) while the cutting speed, vc (m/min), feed rate, f (mm/tooth) and depth of cut, d (mm) were remained constant. The equivalent pla...

In the wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) system, the modulation format was important. While three different modulation formats including not-return-to-zero (NRZ), return-to-zero (RZ), carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CS-RZ) and the optical differential quadrature reference phase shift keying (DQPSK) modulation format of each code are introduced in the article....

Artyku? podejmuje tematyk? szeroko rozumianej ?wiadomo?ci podatkowoprawnej podmiotów administracji rz?dowej, co do zasady z obszaru danin publicznoprawnych. Podstawowym celem rozwa?a? jest ukazanie, na podstawie Krajowej Administracji Skarbowej oraz pakietu ustaw pt. Podatkowy Polski ?ad/Niskie Podatki, tzw. rozd?wi?ku pomi?dzy celami deklarowanymi przez kierownictwo Ministerstwa Finansów a rze...