RNA polymerase (RNAP) transcribes DNA discontinuously, with periods of rapid nucleotide addition punctuated by frequent pauses. We investigated the mechanism of transcription by measuring the effect of both hindering and assisting forces on the translocation of single Escherichia coli transcription elongation complexes, using an optical trapping apparatus that allows for the detection of pauses...

background: the present study was carried out to detect the infection of larval stages of trichobilharzia species in the snail lymnaea auricularia in northwestern iran based on dna analysis. methods: a total number of 320 snails of l. auricularia were sampled from four water-bodies located in the suburb of urmia city, north west iran, during may to november 2011. the snails were first microscop...

human mitochondrial dna (mtdna) is 16,569 base pairs (bp) in length, coding for 37 genes. during the course of evolution, nearly all the genes expressing ribosomal proteins and ribosomal rnas (rrna) genes have been transferred from the mitochondria to the nucleus. however, mitochondrial dna contains two ribosomal rnas genes (12s and 16s), which have not yet transferred to the nucleus. these two...

The frequent appearances and varying acoustics of pauses in noisy conversational speech make it a problem to automatically generate an accurate phonetic transcription of the training data for developing robust acoustic models. This paper presents our proposal to exploit reliable phonetic heuristics of pauses in speech to aid the detection of varying pauses. Based on it, a stepwise approach to o...

Identifying laughter and filled pauses is important to understanding spontaneous human speech. These are two common vocal expressions that are non-lexical and incredibly communicative. In this paper, we use a two-tiered system for identifying laughter and filled pauses. We first generate frame level hypotheses and subsequently rescore these based on features derived from acoustic syllable segme...

one of the most important issues in the plant layout design especially in mass production organizations with high inter-plant logistics is‘material flow and inter-plant traffic analysis and its effects on the production capabilities or pauses in production lines. in this paper the inter-plant traffic analysis issue on the basis of single channel queue model (m/m/1) is analyzed in a carmaker c...

Purkinje cells (PCs) integrate all computations performed in the cerebellar cortex to inhibit neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Simple spikes recorded in vivo from pairs of PCs separated by <100 microm are known to be synchronized with a sharp peak riding on a broad peak, but the significance of this finding is unclear. We show that the sharp peak consists exclusively of simple spike...

The aim of this study is to determine the speech characteristics of 20 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in comparison with those of 20 age, sex, and socio-economic matched healthy controls. The first research is designed to study temporal organization of speech in the context of normal and pathological cognitive aging, and in the evolution of Alzheimer dementia using five variables: Verba...

Most automatic speech recognition work has concentrated on read speech, whose acoustic aspects differ significantly from speech found in actual dialogues. A primary difference between read speech and spontaneous speech concerns a high rate of disfluencies (e.g., filled pauses, repetitions, repairs, false starts). Filled pauses (e.g., “uh,” “um”), unlike silences, resemble phones as part of word...