We investigated the physiological function of three Arabidopsis thaliana homologs of the gibberellin (GA) receptor GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) by determining the developmental consequences of GID1 inactivation in insertion mutants. Although single mutants developed normally, gid1a gid1c and gid1a gid1b displayed reduced stem height and lower male fertility, respectively, indicating so...

Most known plant disease-resistance genes (R genes) include in their encoded products domains such as a nucleotide-binding site (NBS) or leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). Sequences with unknown function, but encoding these conserved domains, have been defined as resistance gene analogues (RGAs). The conserved motifs within plant NBS domains make it possible to use degenerate primers and PCR to isola...

Computer assisted radionuclide angiography (CARNA) with 99mTc-DTPA was employed to study 143 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and 79 patients with prolonged reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (PRIND). The results of CARNA were compared with findings from radiographic angiography (RGA) in 173 patients and with findings in transmission computerized axial tomography (T-CAT) in 15...

Gibberellins (GAs) are a class of plant hormones involved in the regulation of flower development in Arabidopsis. The GA-deficient ga1-3 mutant shows retarded growth of all floral organs, especially abortive stamen development that results in complete male sterility. Until now, it has not been clear how GA regulates the late-stage development of floral organs after the establishment of their id...

Gibberellins are a class of terpenoid molecules that can act as plant growth regulators. This class was discovered through the investigation of sick rice plants that were infested by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi. In 1926, Eiichi Kurosawa determined that a substance, dubbed gibberellic acid, secreted by the fungus was causing the disease. Subsequently, it was realized that gibberellic acid is...

p. atlantica subsp. kurdica, with the local name of baneh, is a wild medicinal plant which grows in kurdistan, iran.  the identification of resistance gene analogs holds great promise for the development of resistant cultivars. a pcr approach with degenerate primers designed according to conserved nbs-lrr (nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat) regions of known disease-resistance (r) gene...

This paper presents two new Particle swarm optimization methods to solve optimal power flow (OPF) in power system incorporating flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). Two types of FACTS devices, thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and thyristor controlled phase shifting (TCPS), are considered. In this paper, the problems of OPF with FACTS are solved by using particle swarm optimizat...

The plant-specific GAI-RGA-and-SCR (GRAS) family of proteins function as transcriptional regulators and play critical roles in development and signalling. Recent structural studies have shed light on the molecular functions at the structural level. The conserved GRAS domain comprises an α-helical cap and α/β core subdomains. The α-helical cap mediates head-to-head heterodimerization between SHR...

This paper presents a case study showing how Repertory Grid Analysis (RGA) can be used to construct shared meaning during information systems development, implementation and use. RGA was used as one of the evidence gathering techniques during a multi-site interpretive study of the development and implementation of the National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS) in England and W...

Thirteen individual organochlorine compounds at 3 concentrations (80, 400, and 2000 ng/mL culture medium), as well as mixtures, were assayed for the estrogen receptor (ER) activation or inhibition, using a luciferase reporter gene assay (RGA). None of the PCB 138, 153, or 180 or their mixture induced a response in the RGA. o,p'-DDT was the most potent xenoestrogen from the DDT group, inducing a...