a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Reliability Retrofit LED lamps Diffusive bulb Phosphors LED driver This paper describes one of the first studies of the degradation of retrofit light bulbs based on white GaN light emitting diodes. The results indicate that the lifetime of LED lamps depends mostly on the stability of the driver and optical elements, rather than on the degradation of the LED chips...

Regarding to EU regulations today's public transportation systems must be accessible for everyone without any restrictions. The relevant question is: How can trains be accessible for everyone? The huge variety of different vehicles and different platforms does not allow level boarding everywhere, only in so called "closed" systems. The paper gives an overview about the requirements for new boar...

In building retrofit projects, dynamic simulations are performed to simulate building performance. Uncertainty may negatively affect model calibration and predicted lighting energy savings, which increases the chance of default on performance-based contracts. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop a simulation-based method that can analyze lighting performance risk in lighting retrofit ...

In this paper we present an automated method to derive highly detailed 3D vector models of modern building façades from terrestrial laser scanning data. The developed procedure can be divided into two main steps: firstly the main elements constituting the façade are identified by means of a segmentation process, then the 3D vector model is generated including some priors on architectural scenes...

This technical note outlines the design of an external seismic pre-isolation system proposed for use in LIGO Livingston. The goal is to reduce the effects of the site’s excess ground noise in the 1 3 Hz frequency band, allowing detector noise performance equivalent to that of the 4 km LIGO Hanford detector. The center histogram in Figure 8 shows the most troubling aspect of the excess noise qui...

This article describes four studies conducted through the eViz project, which used a variety of qualitative and quantitative methods, to investigate the impact that thermal images can have on householder retrofit behaviour. Results from thermal image investigations were benchmarked against carbon footprint audit and control cases, and ranged from simple generic letters on energy efficiency to m...

This memo reviews the requirements for using the ALMA array as a part of a global VLBI array at millimeter wavelengths. ALMA can be outfitted for VLBI at modest cost and should be planned with this capability in mind, as it may be more difficult to retrofit at a later date. The essential features required in the ALMA design are discussed.

This paper summarizes and analyses the problems existing in the tobacco leaf curing process: lag and Low accuracy of temperature control. The retrofit design of the temperature control system has been completed according to the expert control principle of the intelligent control. The design of the intelligent temperature controller has been done. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.