The integrated refinery-planning (IRP), an instrumental problem in the petroleum industry, is made of several subsystems, each of them involving a large number of decisions. Despite the complexity of the overall planning problem, this work presents a mathematical model of the refinery operations characterized by complete horizontal integration of subsystems from crude oil purchase through to pr...

Anaerobic treatment has many advantages over other biological method particularly when used to treat complex wastewater such as petroleum refinery wastewater. In this study two Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors were operated in parallel to treat six volumetric organic loads (0.58, 1.21, 0.89, 2.34, 1.47 and 4.14 kg COD/m·d) to evaluate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal eff...

BACKGROUND The objectives of this paper are three folds. First, an integrated framework for designing and development of the integrated health, safety and environment (HSE) model is presented. Second, it is implemented and tested for a large gas refinery in Iran. Third, it is shown whether the total ergonomics model is superior to the conventional ergonomics approach. This study is among the fi...

Decrease of fossil fuel dependence and resource saving has become increasingly important in recent years. From this perspective, higher recycling rates for valuable materials (e.g. metals) as well as energy recovery from waste streams could play a significant role substituting for virgin material production and saving fossil resources. This is especially important with respect to residual waste...

While petroleum industry studies have indicated low benzene exposure potential for refinery workers, most provide limited data for assessing job or task-related benzene exposures. This study characterizes job and task-specific airborne benzene concentrations and variability over time for the ExxonMobil refinery in Joliet, Illinois from 1977 to 2006. A database of 2289 industrial hygiene air sam...

background: millions of workers are the victims of different kinds of accidents every year throughout the world. the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between safety attitude and occurrence of the occupational accidents. methods: this investigation was a cross-sectional study performed in a gas refinery in south of iran in 2008. sample size of this study was 176 people....

OBJECTIVE Many studies have been conducted in order to evaluate the genotoxicity of chemicals and waste materials, which utilized in vivo test protocols. The use of animals for routine toxicity testing is now questioned by a growing segment of society. METHODS Keeping the above fact in mind, we have conducted in the present study the genotoxicity evaluation of oily sludge samples generated fr...

The objective of this paper is the development and solution of nonlinear and mixed-integer (MIP) optimization models for real-world planning and scheduling problems in petroleum refineries. Firstly, we present a nonlinear planning model that represents a general refinery topology and allows implementation of nonlinear process models as well as blending relations. The optimization model is able ...

Histopathological diagnoses were compiled for 100 sinonasal cancers and 259 lung cancers in nickel refinery workers, including cases from Wales, Canada, and Norway. The sinonasal cancers comprised squamous cell carcinomas (48 percent), anaplastic and undifferentiated carcinomas (39 percent), adenocarcinomas (6 percent), transitional cell carcinomas (3 percent), and other malignant tumors (4 per...

this study aims to inspect the performance of the wastewater treatment system of the pars oil refinery. quantity and quality of wastewater are determined through samplings and measurements. the performance of system is evaluated considering total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, phosphate, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, furfural, oil and ph. for pr...