Accurately measuring and monitoring the thickness distribution of thin ice is crucial for accurate estimation of ocean–atmosphere heat fluxes and rates of ice production and salt flux in iceaffected oceans. Here we present results from helicopter-borne brightness temperature (TB) measurements in the Southern Ocean in October 2012 and in the Sea of Okhotsk in February 2009 carried out with a por...

Tomographic methods offer great potential for retrieving three-dimensional spatial distributions of cloud liquid water from radiometric observations by passive microwave sensors. Fixed tomographic systems require multiple radiometers, while mobile systems can use just a single radiometer. Part 1 (this paper) examines the results from a limited cloud tomography trial with a single-radiometer air...

We have studied the possibility of combining the high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) segmentation and ice concentration estimated by radiometer brightness temperatures. Here we present an algorithm for mapping a radiometer-based concentration value for each SAR segment. The concentrations are estimated by a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network which has the AMSR-2 (Advanced Mi...

Thermal modeling of the LISA gravitational reference sensor (GRS) includes such effects as outgassing from the proof mass and its housing and the radiometer effect. Experimental data in conditions emulating the LISA GRS are required to confidently predict the GRS performance. Outgassing and the radiometer effect are similar in characteristics and are difficult to decouple experimentally. The de...

OBJECTIVE: To propose a method to evaluate and maintain the efficiency of equipment commonly used in Brazil in order to obtain uniform results in phototherapy treatments in different services. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The radiometer/photometer used to measure spectral irradiance is locally manufactured and fulfills basic requirements. Measure standardization seeks to be applicable and reproducible...

The tipping-curve calibration method has been an important calibration technique for ground-based microwave radiometers that measure atmospheric emission at low optical depth. The method calibrates a radiometer system using data taken by the radiometer at two or more viewing angles in the atmosphere. In this method, the relationship between atmospheric opacity and viewing angle is used as a con...

The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) and the HSB (Humidity Sounder Brazil) form an integrated cross-track scanning temperature and humidity sounding system on the Aqua satellite of the Earth Observing System (EOS). AIRS is an infrared spectrometer/radiometer which covers the 3.7 15.4 μm spectral range with 2378 spectral channels. AMSU is a 15 chan...

We propose a scheme to measure and correct anomalous refraction effects for millimeter wave antennas. A radiometer tuned to the 183 GHz atmospheric water vapor line scans the atmosphere above the aperture of an antenna to determine the spatial derivative of the refractive index. In an array of antennas, such as the MMA, it would be used simultaneously to measure the phase delay correction for t...

We assessed the magnitude of the errors in ionized-calcium measurements resulting from changes in electrolyte composition for three different ion-selective electrodes: the Orion Model 93-20, the Radiometer F2112, and the Simon neutral carrier membrane electrode. We attempted to distinguish between errors arising from changes in calcium ion activity and those due to interferences in the electrod...

The purpose of this study was to determine any discrepancies in the outputs of five commercial dental radiometers and also to evaluate the accuracy of these devices using a laboratory-grade spectroradiometer. The power densities of 12 different curing light sources were repeatedly measured for a total of five times using each radiometer in a random order. The emission spectra of all of the curi...