BACKGROUND Gender inequality harms the health of millions of women and girls in all over the world. This study aimed to identify the state of gender equity in the health sector of the Islamic Republic of Iran. METHODS This study was based on the secondary analysis of the available data in four provinces. The research team held three sessions to select the appropriate indicators for measuring ...

OBJECTIVES To describe levels of tobacco control "effort" in public health organizations across provinces, and to test the hypothesis that "effort" is associated with the prevalence of daily smoking. METHODS Data were drawn from a national survey (Oct 2004-Apr 2005) of all public health organizations engaged in chronic disease prevention in Canada in 2004. We investigated the association betw...

BACKGROUND Maputo, the Mozambique capital, contrasts with the rest of the country with regard to its sociodemographic characteristics and patterns of tobacco exposure. We conducted a migrant study to compare the prevalence of manufactured-cigarette smoking and traditional forms of tobacco use among dwellers in the capital who were also born in Maputo City (MC/MC) with those born in southern (SP...

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of health-system-wide improvements on maternal health outcomes in the Philippines. METHODS A retrospective longitudinal controlled study was used to compare a province that fast tracked the implementation of health system reforms with other provinces in the same region that introduced reforms less systematically and intensively between 2006 and 2009. FINDINGS...

PURPOSE This pioneering study aimed to investigate social disparities in breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) incidence rates among women across Iran's provinces from 2003 to 2009. METHODS Provincial level population distribution data pertaining to women were obtained from the Statistical Centre of Iran. Age-standardized incidence rates of BC and OC were gathered from the National Cance...

Emissions embodied in provincial trade (EEPT) have important effects on provinces' responsibilities for carbon emission reductions. Based on a multi-regional input-output model, we calculated EEPT for China's 30 provinces in 2002, 2007 and 2010, and we attempted to determine the drivers of EEPT. The results showed that, during this period, the ratio of EEPT to production-based emissions increas...

The southern coast of Australia is composed of three distinct biogeographic provinces distinguished primarily by intertidal community composition. Several ecological mechanisms have been proposed to explain their formation and persistence, but no consensus has been reached. The marine clam Lasaea australis is arguably the most common bivalve on southern Australian rocky shores and occurs in all...

D ollar for dollar, the provinces with the highest veterinary fees in Canada are the conspicuous ones — Alberta with its oil-fueled hyperinflation, and Ontario with its long history of economic research and fee guides. However, most provinces have similar fees after adjustments have been made for differences in cost of living. In 4 of the 7 provinces studied, the cost of living adjusted compani...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and the second most frequent cause in women in Spain. It is responsible for 12% and 10%, respectively, of all-cause mortality. Our aim was to identify those provinces where recent trends differ significantly from the overall national pattern of decreasing rates in recent years, and where interven...

BACKGROUND Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an acute febrile haemorrhagic disease. This study was conducted to ascertain the infection status amongst slaughterhouse workers in Iran's north-eastern provinces (Razavi and northern and southern Khorasan), so that analysis of the results could help clarification of the epidemiology of this disease in the aforementioned provinces and eastern...