Spruce bark is a source of interesting polyphenolic compounds and also a potential but little studied feedstock for sugar route biorefinery processes. Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of spruce bark sugars to ethanol were studied after three different pretreatments: steam explosion (SE), hot water extraction (HWE) at 80 °C, and sequential hot water extraction and steam explosion (HWE+SE), ...

A kinetic model for xylan hydrolysis in liquid hot water flow-through pretreatment was developed. The model utilized a declining xylan hydrolysis rate constant with increasing conversion in combination with direct xylooligomer degradation. The model was able to describe experimental results from flow-through pretreatment of corn stover and triticale straw at various pretreatment temperatures, a...

Sweet sorghum has been regarded as a typical species for rich soluble-sugar and high lignocellulose residues, but their effects on biomass digestibility remain unclear. In this study, we examined total 63 representative sweet sorghum accessions that displayed a varied sugar level at stalk and diverse cell wall composition at bagasse. Correlative analysis showed that both soluble-sugar and dry-b...

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) has attracted increasing attention as a reliable and robust electrode material. This surface has shown its potential in water treatment and ozone generation, and its increased resistance to dopamine (DA) or serotonin foulings [1–3] makes it a promising candidate for bio-analysis [4–7]. Even though the native BDD is hydrogen-terminated, its surface can be modified by ad...

Abstract In this study, we report on the novel growth of nanodiamond composite (NDC) films titanium (Ti) substrates using coaxial arc plasma deposition (CAPD) at room temperature, which offers several advantages over conventional techniques. CAPD employs a unique gun structure that provides supersaturated condition highly energetic carbon ions (C + ) for ultrafast quenching substrate, promoting...

Pretreatments and drying are commonly used before tomatoes to inactivate enzymes, improve the process, quality of dried tomato powders. In this review, effects different pretreatments (osmotic solutions), dehydration methods packaging materials on attributes powder were summarized. They include osmotic agent solution (potassium metabisulphite, calcium chloride, sodium ascorbic acid, citric chlo...

We investigated the influence of microwave and conventional heating pretreatments on grinding cassiterite associated with pollimetallic ore. The minerals that exhibited a stronger absorption ability crushed first, which is main difference between traditional pretreatments. distribution Fe, Pb, Zn, Sn increased in fine size range (−0.425 mm). Fe Pb grades ranges −3.2 + 2 mm −2 1 after pretreatme...

In this study, partial least square (PLS), a multivariable analysis, was used to simultaneously quantitatively evaluate the effects of variables related three pretreatments (alkaline, hot water and acid) biomass properties poplar, salix corncob. The results showed that type most important variable influencing enzymolysis reducing sugar yield (ERSY). compositions affected ERSY more than pretreat...