We summarize some applications of Answer Set Programming (ASP) in phylogenetics systematics, focusing on the challenges, how they are handled using computational methods of ASP, the usefulness of the ASP-based methods/tools both from the point of view of phylogenetic systematics and from the point of view of ASP.

Plant taxonomy is the science of identifying, describing, classifying, and naming plants. The different classifications have fundamental differences in phylogenetic, ecological, molecular, or morphological data each taxon. morphology algae influenced by environmental conditions. Algal cells can modulate their physiology metabolism changing morphology, including shape size, response to stresses ...

Biodamages of terrestrial plants caused mainly by arthropods, e.g. millipedes, mites, and insects, were studied from siltstones the middle part Belaya Kalitva Formation (late Bashkirian, Carboniferous) southern Luhansk Region, eastern Ukraine. The traces assigned to 13 damage types (DT) numerological systematics developed Labandeira et al. (2007): external foliage feeding DTs03, 12, 13, 14, 15,...

The flowering plant family Elatinaceae is a widespread aquatic lineage inhabiting temperate and tropical latitudes, including ∼35(-50) species. Its phylogeny remains largely unknown, compromising our understanding of its systematics. Moreover, this group is particularly in need of attention because the biogeography of most aquatic plant clades has yet to be investigated, resulting in uncertaint...

Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products is now an expanding area of plant systematics and evolution. Within angiosperms the rbcL gene has been widely sequenced and used for inferring plant phylogenies at higher taxonomic levels. Unfortunately rbcL does not usually contain enough information to resolve relationships between closely related genera, such as Hordeum, Triticum, and A...

Since the advent of the theory of evolutio n, o ne of the tasks of biology has bee n to i nvestigate the phyloge netic relatio nship betwee n species. This task is especially impor ta nt because all of the differe nces which exist betwee n species, whether i n morphology, physiology , or ecology, i n ways of behavior, or even i n geographical distributio n, have evolved , like the species thems...

Kenya, an African country with major higher plant diversity, has a corresponding diversity of plant associations, because of the wide geographic distribution, diverse climatic conditions and soil types. In this article, all vascular plants of Kenya were counted based on the completed "Flora of Tropical East Africa (FTEA)", and all families and genera were revised using recent molecular systemat...