CONTEXT Buspirone HCl has very low oral bioavailability (4%) due to deactivation by extensive first pass effect. It also has very limited transdermal permeation due to its high hydrophilicity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to increase the transdermal permeation of buspirone HCl utilizing a stable dosage form. METHODS Transfersomes were prepared using Tween-80 as a flexibility impartin...

BACKGROUND: Propolis contains caffeic acid compounds, which are proven to have pharmacological effects as an anti-inflammatory. However, its effectiveness is hampered by the poor solubility of acid. Here, we report developing nanoemulgel approach containing propolis extract active ingredient and oleic a permeation enhancer for transdermal delivery AIM: This study aims determine effect concentra...

Background: The stratum corneum (SC) forms a difficult physical barrier for drugs to pass through the skin. Several strategies were developed to overcome this barrier. Optimization of topical drug formulations by selected excipients may facilitate the penetration of drugs through the SC into the viable skin cells and ultimately into the systemic circulation. Methods: Here, both the influence of...

Repeated oral administration of mexazolam, an anti-anxiety agent, may cause adverse effects such as gastric disturbance, drowsiness, and ataxia due to transiently high blood levels. Transdermal administration would avoid the systemic side effects and gastric disorders after oral administration. We have developed a matrix using ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), a heat-processible and flexible materi...

Purpose: To develop an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix system containing a permeation enhancer for enhanced transdermal delivery of torasemide. Methods: The solubility of torasemide was studied at various volume fraction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. The effect of drug concentration was tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 %, respectively while the effect of temperature on drug release from drug-...