The apicomplexan parasite Theileria haneyi is one of two known causative agents equine theileriosis. It causes milder clinical disease than its more virulent counterpart, equi, in experimentally infected horses, and can superinfect T. equi-positive horses. current equi merozoite antigen 1 (EMA1)-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)used the U.S. to detect theileriosis dete...

objectives: salmonella typhimurium is important food-borne pathogen responsible for gastroenteritis. in this work a polymerase chain reaction based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (pcr-elisa) was developed to identify salmonella typhimurium. materials and methods: the rfb gene which is responsible for biosynthesis of the salmonella o-antigenic lipopolysaccharide was selected as the target s...

Abbreviations: attE: attacin E gene ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay gusA: β-glucuronidase gene GUS: glucuronidase nos: nopaline synthase gene nptII: neomycin phosphotransferase II gene NPTII: neomycin phosphotransferase II protein PCR: polymerase chain reaction PTGS: post-transcriptional gene silencing RNA: ribonucleic acid RT-PCR: reverse transcription PCR T-DNA: transfer DNA TGS: tra...

Chagas' disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic in Latin America. T. cruzi presents heterogeneous populations and comprises two main genetic lineages, named T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II. Diagnosis in the chronic phase is based on conventional serological tests, including indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and diagnosis in the acute phase based ...

We have developed an immuno-polymerase chain reaction protocol which includes a highly purified streptavidin-DNA conjugate. The protocol comprises standard ELISA methodology and washing buffers together with a real-time PCR read-out system. The conjugate was employed in both indirect and capture assay formats, which can be completed in a single day using standard laboratory equipment. The immun...

background: transient and stable transformation of host plants are the common techniques to produce transgenic plants. however, the main drawback of stable transformation is the fact that it takes quite a long time to produce a transgenic line. while, transient gene expression is a quick method to produce recombinant proteins in plants.  objective: the main goal of the present study was to eval...

Objective(s): To reveal the detailed mechanism underlying the functions of salidroside on the inflammation of intestinal epithelial cells during IBD.Materials and Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to assess the expression of IL-6, IL-10, and α-defensins 5 and 6. ELISA assay was performed to measure the secretion of IL-6 and IL-10. MTT assay was used to determine the cell viabilit...

Serology is based on the use of antibodies to detect circulating antibodies (immunoglobulin) or antigens. Largely used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases, it is now often replaced by DNA or RNA detection of infectious agents by molecular biology techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR, rt-PCR). However, antibody detection can have some advantages on PCR techniques and numerous di...

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CIV H3N8 in dogs in Germany. Blood samples from 272 clinically healthy dogs and 35 dogs with acute respiratory signs were screened for antibodies against influenza virus by ELISA and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay; positive samples were further tested by fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and subtype-specific HI assay. Nasal and p...

In general, the conventional techniques available for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis have relatively low sensitivity. This means that parasite-rich samples (which can usually only be collected by very invasive methods, such as bone-marrow aspiration) must be employed. This problem has not yet been solved even by use of the PCR-based techniques currently available. However, a new PCR-ELISA has b...