Hydroxy acid, oxidation, bromine The oxidation of glycollic, lactic, a-hydroxybutyric, and 2-phenyllactic acids by aque­ ous bromine has been studied. The reaction is of first order with respect to the oxidant and the anion of the hydroxy acid respectively. The active oxidising species is molecular bromine. The oxidation of ci,a-dideuterioglycollic acid indicated a kinetic isotope effect, ^h /^...

Reaction of compound 1 with thiobenzarnide or substituted selenobenzamides afforded substituted pyrrolobenzothiazole or selenazoles (2) respectively. Selenium dioxide oxidation of the semicarbazone 4 with selenium dioxide gave 6- benzenesulfonyl- 4,5-dihydro-pynolo [3,2-el benzoselenadiazole (5).

background: high concentration of salt makes biological treatment impossible due to bacterial plasmolysis. the present research studies the process of electrochemical oxidation efficiency and optimal levels as important factors affecting ph, salt concentration, reaction time and applied voltage. methods: the sample included graphite electrodes with specifications of 2.5 cm diameter and 15 cm he...

The oxidation of spent uranium carbide fuel, a candidate fuel for Generation IV nuclear reactors, is an important process in its potential reprocessing cycle. However, the oxidation of uranium carbide in air is highly exothermic. A model has therefore been developed to predict the temperature rise, as well as other useful information such as reaction completion times, under different reaction c...

Hemoglobin is oxidized to methemoglobin by products formed during the oxidation of a number of different substances. With some of these substances, both oxygen consumption and hemoglobin oxidation are accelerated by thermolabile constituents of pneumococci; with others of the easily oxidized substances, neither reaction seems to be influenced by the presence of the bacterial substances. The sam...

background: oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (ldl) appears to be an early step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. meanwhile, myeloperoxidase (mpo)-catalyzed reaction is one of the potent pathway for ldl oxidation in vivo. the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant effects of vitamins c and e on ldl oxidation mediated by mpo. methods: mpo was isolated from f...

The vanadium-based catalyst, acts as a homogeneous catalyst for the selective oxidation of various kinds of sulfides with 30% aqueous H2O2. Vanadium-based catalyst was successfully used as the oxygen source for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides for the first time. The sulfoxides were obtained in a good way to high yields without any detectable over-oxidation to sulfones under normal condi...

Iron (III) meso-tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)-β-octabromoporphyrin supported on Amberlite IRA- 400 [Fe(Br8 TPPS)-Ad-400] is a robust and efficient catalyst for oxidation of alkenes and alcohols at room temperature. The catalyst exhibits a high activity and stability in hydrocarbon oxidation by H2 O2 . The method was useful in the oxidation of various primary, secondary-aliphatic, alicyclic and ar...

Palladium nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Pd/MWCNTs) have been synthesized using a modified polyol reduction method and its performance in methanol oxidation reactions has evaluated. The morphology of palladium on MWCNTs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The catalytic performance of synthesized catalyst ...