The steady sliding state of periodic structures such as charge density waves and flux line lattices is numerically studied based on the three dimensional driven random field XY model. We focus on the dynamical phase transition between plastic flow and moving solid phases controlled by the magnitude of the driving force. By analyzing the connectivity of co-moving clusters, we find that they perc...

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes show promising applications as organic-inorganic nanocomposite building blocks that can be used, for example, to enhance the properties of polymeric materials. In this work radial distribution functions, potentials of mean force, and self-diffusion coefficients are obtained from molecular dynamics simulations for polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) ...

The model proposed by Diamond and Bossert [1] for isotonic water transport has received wide acceptance in recent years. It assumes that the local driving force for water transport is a standing osmotic gradient produced in the lateral intercellular spaces of the epithelial cell layer by active solute transport. While this model is based on work done in absorptive epithelia where the closed to ...

It recently was proposed [Loo, D. D. F., Zeuthen, T., Chandy, G. & Wright, E. M. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 13367--13370] that SGLT1, the high affinity intestinal and renal sodium/glucose cotransporter carries water molecules along with the cosubstrates with a strict stoichiometry of two Na(+), one glucose, and approximately 220 water molecules per transport cycle. Using electrophysi...

Introduction When exposed to salinity variations, teleosts adapt through osmoregulation, which results in the maintenance of their blood osmolality within a narrow range of ~280–350·mosmol·kg –1. Marine teleosts are subject to diffusive ion invasion and osmotic water loss. Their main osmoregulatory adaptations include the following. (1) In the digestive tract, high drinking rate of seawater (SW...

The classical thermodynamic treatment of osmotic pressure is quite sufficient to describe equilibrium situations and compute most quantities of interest without reference to any molecular model (see, for example, Finkelstein, 1987). However, one's intuition is always aided by molecular models, and a microscopic picture can be quite useful when thinking about osmotic flow in unfamiliar situation...