Treatment of osteoporosis with alendronate sodium has several challenges. The first challenge is the low bioavailability. The second main challenge is side effects, which include oesophageal ulceration. The aim of this research was to reformulate alendronate sodium as enteric coated solid lipid nanoparticles in order to enhance its bioavailability, and preventing the free alendronate sodium fro...

Dorzolamide hydrochloride is frequently administered for the control of the intra-ocular pressure associated with glaucoma. The aim of this study is to develop and optimize self-assembled nanostructures of dorzolamide hydrochloride and L-α-Phosphatidylcholine to improve the pharmacokinetic parameters and extend the drug pharmacological action. Self-assembled nanostructures were prepared using a...

PURPOSE To determine the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations in eyes with high myopia and to suggest adjusted constants for these cases. SETTING Centre for Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany. METHODS Patients with high myopia having phacoemulsification with implantation of an AcrySof MA60MA IOL (power range +5.00 to -5.00 diopters [D]) were evalua...

We present an algorithm for the conversion of very weak alternating Büchi automata into nondeterministic Büchi automata (NBA), and we introduce a local optimization criterion for deleting superfluous transitions in these NBA. We show how to use this algorithm in the translation of LTL formulas into NBA, matching the upper bounds of other LTL-to-NBA translations. We compare the NBA resulting fro...

We present a new method for the calculation of solvent accessible surface areas at the atomic and residue levels, which we call parameter optimized surfaces (POPS-A and POPS-R ). Atomic and residue areas (the latter simulated with a single sphere centered at the C(alpha)s atom for amino acids and at the P atom for nucleotides) have been optimized versus accurate all-atoms methods. We concentrat...

Word bigram models estimated from text corpora require smoothing methods to estimate the probabilities of unseen bigrams. The deleted estimation method uses the formula: Pr(i j j) = fi + (1 )fijj ; where fi and fijj are the relative frequency of i and the conditional relative frequency of i given j, respectively, and is an optimized parameter. MacKay (1994) proposes a Bayesian approach using Di...

Vesicular drug delivery systems have recently gained attention as a way of improving dosing accuracy for drugs with poor transdermal permeation. The current study focuses on utilization of the natural biocompatible vesicles to formulate vardenafil nanoethosomes (VRD-NE), for the enhancement of their transdermal permeation and bioavailability. Fifteen formulations were prepared by thin-layer eva...

infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is the causative agent of gumboro disease, an infectious disease of global economic importance in poultry. structural protein vp2 of ibdv is the most frequently studied protein due to its significant roles in virus attachment, protective immunity, and serotype specificity. the objective of the present study was to improve the expression of hypervariable re...

The aim of this study was to develop and optimize Trimetazidine dihydrochloride (TM) controlled porosity osmotic pump (CPOP) tablets of directly compressed cores. A 2(3) full factorial design was used to study the influence of three factors namely: PEG400 (10% and 25% based on coating polymer weight), coating level (10% and 20% of tablet core weight) and hole diameter (0 "no hole" and 1 mm). Ot...

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