To rate one's individual olfactory performance is difficult and in many cases differs clearly from validated objective olfactory performance measures. This study aimed to investigate the basis for this measurement drift between objective and subjective olfactory performance evaluation. In absence of an actual odor, one may imagine an olfactory stimulus to evaluate his subjective olfactory perfo...

The association of Parkinson's disease (PD) with an impaired sense of smell was first reported about thirty years ago. Since then, it has become quite firmly established that olfactory dysfunction is one of the first and most prevalent clinical manifestations of this disorder. Recent data from an ongoing prospective study indicate that otherwise unexplained hyposmia in first degree relatives of...

BACKGROUND Looking in literature reveals that aging is accompanied by olfactory dysfunction and hyposmia/anosmia is a common manifestation in some neurodegenerative disorders. Olfactory dysfunction is regarded as non-motor manifestations of Parkinson disease (PD). The main goal of this study was to examine the extent of olfactory dysfunction in Persian PD patients. METHODS We used seven types...

Non-conductive olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an important extra-pulmonary manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Olfactory bulb (OB) volume loss and network functional connectivity (FC) defects were identified in two patients suffering from prolonged COVID-19-related OD. One patient received treatment (OT) by the combination oral vitamin A smell training via novel electronic port...

Since olfactory dysfunction is among the first signs of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), olfactory testing may aid in the early of 'preclinical' diagnosis of this disorder. Indeed, the proportion of early-stage PD patients with olfactory dysfunction appears to be greater than the proportion of early-stage PD patients exhibiting some of the cardinal signs of PD. Because olfactory function va...

Olfactory dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia are becoming the aim of an increased number of studies. Smell identification deficits are well known but also other olfactory processes are examined, eg. sensitivity, discrimination, familiarity and edibility. Smell identification deficits are present in patients with schizophrenia and also in their non-psychotic siblings. Moreover, this dys...

An organism's awareness of its surroundings is dependent on sensory function. As antennas to our external environment, cilia are involved in fundamental biological processes such as olfaction, photoreception, and touch. The olfactory system has adapted this organelle for its unique sensory function and optimized it for detection of external stimuli. The elongated and tapering structure of olfac...

Causality assessment is crucial to post-marketing pharmacovigilance and helps optimize safe and appropriate use of medicines by patients in the real world. Self-reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are common in the general population as well as in patients with allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. Intranasal corticosteroids, including intranasal fluticasone propionate (INFP), are amo...