We describe laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment for a case of dysgenetic male pseudohermaphroditism with persistent Mullerian ducts. The patient, a 32 year old man, with a history of surgery for hypospadias and cryptorchidism during childhood, was referred because of anejaculation. He was of short stature, with male external genitalia composed of a small penis and hypoplastic testis (1 ml righ...

Unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn occurs due to failure of complete development of one of the Mullerian ducts and incomplete fusion with the contralateral side. Pregnancy in a noncommunicating rudimentary horn is extremely rare and usually terminates in rupture during first or second trimester of pregnancy. Diagnosis of rudimentary horn pregnancy and its rupture in a woman with prior vag...

The mammalian female reproductive tract develops from the Mullerian ducts which differentiate, in a cranial to caudal direction, into oviducts, uterine horns, cervix and the anterior vagina. The developmental processes taking place during this organogenesis are notably under the control of steroid hormones, such as members of the Wnt and Hox families, which regulate key developmental genes. At ...

The role of Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) during gonad development has been studied extensively in mammals, but is less well understood in other vertebrates. In male mammalian embryos, Sox9 activates expression of Amh, which initiates the regression of the Mullerian ducts and inhibits the expression of aromatase (Cyp19a1), the enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens. To better understand sha...

Developmental anomalies of the mullerian ducts represent some of the most fascinating disorders that the obstetricians and gynecologists encounter. Incidence varies between0.110%.Our objective is to study the incidence and reproductive outcome in women with uterine anomalies. Reproductive performance of 74 women with uterine anomalies delivered in Modern Government and Maternity Hospital (MGMH)...

Evi-1 is a putative protooncogene first identified as a common site of retroviral integration in murine myeloid leukemias. It encodes a 145 x 10(3) Mr nuclear DNA-binding protein that contains ten zinc-finger motifs separated into two domains, as well as an acidic domain. These features suggest that Evi-1 encodes a transcriptional regulatory protein. In Drosophila, zinc-finger proteins such as ...

The Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome affects 1 out of 4,500 women [1]. It is a malformation of the female genitals due to interrupted embryonic development of the mullerian (paramesonephric) ducts in otherwise chromosomally, phenotypically, and endocrinologically normal female. It is second to Turner’s syndrome as a cause of primary amenorrhea and was described by Mayer (1829), Ro...

Background: Mullerian duct malformations delineate a group of congenital anomalies that result from arrested development, or incomplete fusion of the mesonephric ducts. In many patients, uterine anomalies have been related with infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, prematurity and other obstetric complications which increase perinatal morbidity and mortality rates, where as in others these mal...

Forty-six XX disorder of sex development is an uncommon medical condition observed at times during the evaluation of a man's fertility. The following is a case series and literature review of phenotypically normal men diagnosed with this karyotype. Our goal is to comprehend the patients' clinical presentation as well as their laboratory results aiming to explore options available for their mana...

a total of 1500 infected liver with f. hepatica and f. gigantica from slaughtered cattle in different parts of iran were studied. grossly the livers were usually irregular in shape, with prominent bile ducts on the visceral surface as grayish-white, firm-branching streaks. the atrophy of the left lobe due to fibrosis and ischemia were noticed. on the cut surface the main bile ducts wall consist...