BACKGROUND Birth Defects are a series of diseases that seriously affect children's health. Birth defects are generally caused by several interrelated factors. The aims of the article is to estimate the prevalence rate and types of birth defects in Inner Mongolia, China, to compare socio-demographic characteristics among the children with birth defects and to analyze the association between risk...

Research objectives: To identify representatives of the Mongolian ruling elite 13th century whose names are mentioned in “History Mongols” by Papal legate, Franciscan John (Giovanni) de Plano Carpini, as well several historical realities epoch Mongol conquests. materials: The Wolfenbüttel copy and its new Russian translation, Persian Arabic chronicles, medieval writings 13th–17th century, histo...

facilitating the exchange of different experiences of nations which resulted in the growth and development of arts and sciences was one of the most important achievements of the mongols and of interests of their kings. the textile and cloth-weaving industry in the mongol era was not an exception. historical evidences show an increase in the exchange and trade of fabrics and textiles between ira...

The article is devoted to the topic of acculturation Mongol conquerors in China after conquest by first heirs Genghis Khan and creation Yuan Empire — state China. history 13th-14th centuries, when country was conquered its neighbors, a vivid example relationship between nomadic centuries-old sedentary ethnos. At that time, Chinese language teachings Confucius became instruments for Mongols. Hav...

Abstract The Song dynasty established a standing naval force, which was ignored by some historians since lost its defensive wars to the Jin and Mongol forces. This article examines improvements innovations of Chinese operations during pays particular attention how state economic reforms state-centered financial system supported development. Song’s population growth demographic changes also prov...

The fourteenth century of the Christian period was a time significant transition. social and political environment undergoing changes. Strong, centralized empires were erected in east, while middle classes west started to seek obtain part government. Islamic control thrived during this period, bringing people from all over globe together via trade business. There such powerful as Mongols, Ottom...

Persian painting has usually been studied from historical point of views. But its formation is rooted in a specific social context. In this study, we will try to contextualize it and we will show that this social context has a crucial role regarding its aesthetic. Persian painting is an art of royal courts and it represents the life of princes combined with Persian epic legendes. This social co...